,
1787 年倫敦阿斯特利露天劇場 (Astley's Amphitheatre) 「博學豬」 (the learned pig)
表演傳單
百二十六[1]
Captain Marryat 小說四種。Japhet 最劣。Mr Midshipman
Easy, ch. III: “Mrs
Easy was horrified that the new nurse was not a married woman, & had a
child. ‘If you please, ma’am,’ said Sarah, dropping a curtsy, ‘it was a very
little one. Very small indeed, & died soon after it was born.’” 按此語由來已久。Wordsworth 致 Godwin 書論郵寄包裹不論大小收費一律云:“You remember the story of the poor girl who, being
reproached with having brought forth an illegitimate child, said it was true,
but added that it was a very little one, insinuating thereby that her offence
was small in proportion” (F.K. Brown, The
Life of William Godwin, p. 234 引).
Peter
Simple, ch. IX 記在 Portsdown Fair 見 “the learned
pig”,按 Osbert
Sitwell, The Scarlet Tree (“The
Reprint Society”), p. 54: “The Learned Pig (whom my mother saw & bought at
a bazaar, being impressed by its uncanny knowledge of character & grasp of
the future)”;ch. XXVI 所載 “Meredith
the tailor”,按即 George Meredith 祖父也,參觀 The Journal of Arnold Bennett, No. 29, 1904 引
Marcel Schwab 語,又 Letters of George Meredith, ed. by His Son, vol. I, p. 1。又按
Bennett 極稱此書,Journal, Jan. 10, 1928: “Peter Simple — a wonderfully sly bit of social satire in the
juxtaposition between the comic description of a negro religious meeting &
a letter from an Irish priest.”
Captain Kearney 乃仿 Baron
Munchausen,其墓碑云:“Here lies
Captain” (ch. XXXVII)。按 Specimens of Douglas Jerrold’s Wit, ed. by Blanchard Jerrold, p. 193: “His lies /
PROTECTION / It lied throughout its life, / And now / LIES STILL.”
Jacob
Faithful, ch. XIII: The Dominie’s Song: “Amo, amas — I loved a lass, / For she was tall & slender; / Amas, amat — she laid me flat. / Though
of the feminine gender.” 按 Eric Partridge, Dictionary of Slang, p. 320 引此書作:“I laid her flat, / And tickled her feminine gender”,而
Walter de la Mare, Love, p. 403 載 John
O’Keefe 詩云:“Amo, amas
— I loved a lass, / As a cedar tall & slender! / Sweet cowslips’ grace / Is
her Nominative case, / And she’s of the Feminine Gender.” etc.
Japhet
in Search of a Father, ch. LXV: Lieutenant Talbot: “You know what philosophers
tell you about volition; & that the body is governed by the mind, consequently
obeys it; now you see, in my case, it was exactly reversed. I tell you, that it
is a fact, that in mind I am as brave as any man in existence; but I had a
cowardly carcase, & what is still worse, it proved the master of my mind,
& ran away with it” etc. 按如以 Gilbert Ryle,
The Concept of Mind 論之,此亦 “an extension of the myth of the ghost in the machine” (p. 63) 也,實則衹是 “weakness of will” (p. 73) 而已。又 Oliver Elton, A
Survey of Eng. Lit. 1830-1880, II, p. 168: “Dickens, it is clear, knew the
book. Japhet’s master, the apothecary Cophagos, talks in Alfred Jingle’s way.” 然 W.
Cross, Development of the English Novel,
pp. 175-6 論 Theodore Hook 即云:“A
wholly new character is the loquacious gentleman whose thoughts jumps the ruts
of the conventional sentence. He first appeared in Gervase Skinner as Kekewich & afterward in Gilbert Gurney as Jack Brag.” 近日 The New Statesman & Nation, Jan. 24, 1953 有 W.
Wallace Hill 通信,則謂 A Tour to Hebrides 中 Johnson 記 Captain Irwin 語即作 Jingle 體。又 Sept.
5, 1953, p. 261, V.S. Pritchett: “Thomas Holcroft’s Road to Ruin (1792) suggests that Mr Jingle had
predecessors.”
百二十七[2]
The
Letters of Lord Byron, ed. R.G. Howarth (“Everyman’s Library”), no. 123: “I
understand the scoundrel [Southey] said that ‘Shelley & I were in a league
of Incest, etc. etc.’ The women to whom he alludes are not sisters... if they
had even been so, there was no promiscuous
intercourse whatever” (p. 195, cf. n. 128, p. 203). 蓋謂 Mary
Shelley 與 Claire Clairmont 也。“Incest”
字涵義與常詁大異。Byron 以與 Augusta Leigh 曖昧,遭世人詬厲,歐洲後德國至引為兄妹亂倫之藉口,如 Max Brod, Lord
Byron kommt aus der Mode (1929); Kasimir Edschmid, Lord Byron (1929) (參觀 Jethro Bithell, Germany, p. 259)。此節文字,可謂避重就輕。又 H.E. Parker, John
Chinaman, p. 62: “Tung Sün was a renowned poet, whose sacred fire was
easily kindled by Sir Thomas Wade; & I believe he has inflicted upon the
Peking world a translation of Childe
Harold.” 謂董韞卿恂也(又記韞卿論洋務,好言「比方一條魚」五字)。果此,則迻譯英文詩篇當以 Byron 此首為最早矣。蓋傳聞失實,亦如 John Gunther, Inside
Asia, p. 295 謂胡適之譯沙士比亞已著手也。余據方濬師《蕉軒隨錄》卷十二〈長友詩〉條(刊於同治十一年),考定 Longfellow, Psalm
of Life 為漢譯之最早者,即出韞卿與威妥瑪手(詳見 Philobiblon, vol. II, no. 2, March 1948),《荻芬書屋詩稿》所未收也。
百二十八[3]
祝德麟止堂《悅親樓集》三十卷。筆力條暢,苦木直無警策。最推袁簡齋,尤善王夢樓,會試出趙甌北之門,執弟子禮甚恭,故亦頗為性靈語,而欠輕隽,使典亦不工貼。卷十〈甌北先生枉貽大集敬題〉第三首云:「史事瀾翻都貫穿,俗情點筆便高華。」不啻自道祈嚮而未能至者。罷官後稍有小詩可諷詠。
吳穀人〈序〉:「以子夏之門人,侍暮春之末座。」按兩「之」字贅,此孔顨軒論王子安「落霞孤鶩」一聯所謂「俗體」也。
卷二〈祝風詞〉:「千艫萬篙,不如破蓬伸腰。」自注:「舟人語。」按二句有古謠諺之意。
卷三〈送房師趙甌北先生出守鎮安一百韻〉。
卷四〈蔣心餘前輩有京師樂府十四首為補八篇‧開溝〉,自注:「諺云:『臭溝開,會墨出。』」
卷七〈從慶雨林借觀袁簡齋前輩所書詩冊題後〉。
卷十一〈贈李桂郎〉七絕自注:「秋帆舊青衣也。」按即《品花寶鑑》之蘇蕙芳(參觀《甌北集》及《小倉山房集》〈李郎曲〉)。
卷十三〈所見〉第二首「薛家有車子」一首,痛斥京師狎優之風,有云:「此風奚自始,此習胡可沿。」當時詩家,惟蔣心餘《忠雅堂詩集》卷八〈京師樂府詞‧唱檔子〉、〈戲旦〉二首議論略同。心餘痛孤寒之淪落,鄙士夫之荒淫,至擬之蛣蜣轉丸,語尤激摯。【《小匏菴詩存》卷一〈狡童篇〉。[4]】
卷十三〈即事〉:「昔我疾病時,飢虎臥檻柙。家人起戒心,初不煩令甲。履聲聞戶外,未覺房櫳狹。有來問所苦,屏氣意猶怯。及乎病少閒,譬若舟放閘。兒啼復婦怨,婢媪雜啑喋。零星到鷄狗,眾喙沸鵝鴨。乃知始見憐,今已為所狎(下略)。」按可與 Last Essays of Elia 中 “The
Convalescent”: “To be sick is to enjoy monarchal prerogatives... From the bed
of sickness (throne let me rather call it) to the elbow chair of convalescence,
is a fall from dignity, amounting to a deposition” etc. 相發明。
卷十八〈和夢樓素食歌〉。按歐北〈素食歌〉調夢樓,詞最尖刻,至云:「有如寡婦雖不嫁,偏從淡雅矜素粧」,「吾知其心未必淨,招之仍可入洞房。」夢樓〈素食歌答甌北〉(見《夢樓詩集》卷十六)則氣詘語枝,未足關甌北之口,如曰:「我治素食務潔精,」則轉不如鷄魚豬肉逢著即吃之為無揀擇、得自在矣。止堂此篇頗右甌北,如云:「貞淫誠不在妍醜,嫠婦豈合描蛾眉。氷霜自矢柏舟節,人間伉儷容雙棲。倘令處子都不嫁,潔身亂倫毋乃譏。」謂葷素各從所好也,而語拙甚。
卷二十四〈閱隨園詩話題後六首〉:「折劍殘槍自洗磨,零金碎粉費搜羅。直同千佛名經看,好句流傳不在多。」「弘獎風流雅意深,更從廣大識婆心。色絲信手拈來雜,還度鴛鴦繡了鍼。」「三代而還盡好名,達官偏愛博詩聲。望山才調弇山筆,直得先生一品評。」「老去翻為汗漫遊,名山到處足句留。逢迎東道非無謂,只要倉山隻字收。」「杗桷應歸大匠尊,香閨何事且推袁。絳紗我亦開經帳,不見紅妝肎及門。」「憐才容易著書難,紅粉飄零白骨寒。贏得賈胡囊錦在,美人佳士一齊看。」
卷二十五〈為我一日留贈簡齋前輩〉。
卷二十六〈簡齋前輩為余評定拙集答謝三十韻〉、〈題小倉山房詩集十首〉。
卷二十七〈甌北先生書來約往鄧尉看梅以事阻滯不果擬赴常修謁詩以先之〉。
〈常州臨發呈甌北先生〉:「幸從槃澗分餘福,未要荒莊報此生。」自注:「公年來生事頗足。」
卷二十八〈題隨園雅集圖〉、〈簡齋前輩八十壽詩四首〉。
卷二十九〈甌北先生七十壽詩三篇〉。
卷二十九〈紀夢仿義山體寄寧圃〉:「初夢扁舟到海堧,青林紅樹兩新鮮1。旋登華屋開珠箔,菊秀千枝彩艷攢2。瞥見庭階羅翠盎,亭亭正擢素心蘭3。洞房曲室隨周步,賓從無人竝我肩4。忽仰瓊樓天半聳,君升我止絕攀緣5。漢書數帙陳綈几,古本欣然信手翻6。何處鐘聲來下界,碧桃花滿綠牕前7。恍惚疑逢終是別,迷離欲往又仍還8。覺來斜月橫窗角,獨聽瑤琴鼠觸絃9。」按汪韓門《詩學纂聞》論義山此詩,謂是「七言律散體」。平景孫《霞外捃屑》卷八下曰:「沈薲漁《諧鐸》『詩翁奉盲詞為鼻祖』殆有所指。玉谿〈七月二十八日夜與王鄭二秀才聽雨後夢作〉云云,絕好彈詞。祝芷塘〈紀夢〉云云按平氏誤作卷二十六,亦其體。」吳仰賢《小匏菴詩話》卷五曰:「金雲門〈岳王墳〉云:『宗爺鼙鼓岳爺旗,偌大西湖一壠低。死後臣心如此水,䭾來君馬又成泥。東京父老無須泣,南宋興亡不足題。難得杭州兒女好,青春踏破兩條堤。』昔有以詞為詩,此乃以曲為詩,可云奇外出奇」云云,實則亦「盲詞體」,非曲也。又紀文達《點論李義山詩集》卷上云:「杜牧〈桐葉詩〉亦是此格」云云,按義山〈題白石蓮花寄楚公〉前半首、〈贈司勳杜十三員外〉前半首皆此格。〈題桐葉詩〉十二韻,不對者五韻。此體最佳者,莫如東坡〈和子由澠池懷舊〉前半首。《湘綺樓日記》光緒元年七月五日云:「看元好問詩,大似『十八扯』。其〈赤壁圖〉云:『事殊興發憂思集,天淡雲閒今古同。』絕妙科白也。(按上句借用子美〈渼陂行〉句,下句借用小杜〈宣州開元寺水閣〉句。)」【李玉洲《貞一齋詩說》云:「七言排律,唐人斷不多作。勢須流走和軟,易流入唱本腔調。」按唐伯虎詩最似彈詞開篇,如〈江南四季歌〉之類。諸襄七《絳跗閣詩集》卷九〈題僖承之守缾集〉云:「用拙道人守缾集,僖名同格字承之。石破天驚李長吉,鑄金作佛在於斯。每從立意開眉爪,陡覺懷氷洗俗姿。賴其知交有璩桓,今人中見古人詩。」羅癭公〈叔進翼牟與道階上人邀賞丁香因憶甲寅春公讌湘綺翁於此今翁墓草已宿矣〉:「憫忠寺裡花如雪,拂面照天三百株。便與山僧同作主,相邀花下置行廚。昔年百客開佳會,危坐王翁飄白鬚。今日深春湘彥集,欲將紺宇比黃罏。」皆學義山〈贈司勳〉一首。《煙霞萬古樓詩選》卷一〈唐河西節度王忠嗣墓〉云:「倘不偏聽林甫讒,以公持重住潼關。喪師未必徵舒翰,反狀真能殺祿山。出處但為平世將,功名早在古人間。嫖姚貶死祁連在,血戰荒阡草尚殷。」格頗新。陳大士《已吾集》卷九〈祭吳母范孺人文〉尤長篇彈詞也。】【五言散律如王績〈在京思故園見鄉人問〉、皎然〈過陸鴻漸不遇〉、高西園《南阜山人詩集》卷七〈九月得早起聞雁因訊今歲花事尚早意索寞已而解姪江南書至牽率言懷漫成〉。金亞匏《秋蟪吟館詩鈔》中尤多此體,先後二十餘首。】【諸錦襄七《絳跗閣詩集》中七律此體甚多。】【岑參〈送杜佐下第歸陸渾别業〉(「正月今欲半」)、〈還高冠潭口留別舍弟〉(「昨日山有信」)、〈江上春歎〉(「臘月江上暖」)皆五律散體。】【賀方回七言散律(《日札》三九五則「卷五」)。】【王惲《秋澗大全集》19 七言律詩〈括九峯禹貢解北條北境之山〉:「晉北諸山自代來,胚凝首自霍山開。連延脊脈為壺口,南作析城王屋排。復折而西雷首出,一支北走太行崕。次又一支為大茂,四條明白不須猜。」】【《王文成公全書‧外集》卷一〈泗州寺〉亦七律散體」。】【楊鐵厓《逸編》卷七〈答詹翰林同〉:「皇帝書徵老秀才,秀才懶下讀書台。」真彈詞惡調。】【《牧齋有學集》卷八〈丁酉仲冬十有七日長至禮佛大報恩寺〉二十韻亦七言排律,雖對偶謹嚴,終近徘優(如「良久下方仍暗黑,少焉東壁破昏黃」之類)。】【蔡立甫《紅蕉詩話》卷三:「吳日千謂〈孔雀東南飛〉是漢人彈詞;錢武正謂〈唧唧復唧唧〉是六朝彈詞。」】
百二十九[9]
劉壎《水雲邨吟稾》十二卷,合卷首《序目》、卷末《年譜》,得十四卷。康熙時劉氏十三世孫冠寰尚之輯,十四世孫凝二至箋注,道光時二十世孫斯嵋眉山刊行者。向在《讀畫齋叢書》中讀起潛所撰《隱居通議》,復於《元詩選》中見起潛詩。據正德丁丑符良臣〈序〉,起潛集曰《泯稾》,未刊行。符氏指其詩為十卷,尚之、二至父子復蒐採補益之。五言古十首,七言古二首,七絕十首,餘皆五、七律。五律又皆入元以後作,蓋尚非全豹也。卷首載〈無名先生藏山詩稿序〉即其自序,有云:「以土為器,類錘然,熏以火,和以笛,閒吹之,則村中草樹禽鳥,皆搖曳飛舞,曰是諧黃鐘動,而萬妙潛起者矣」云云。劉氏名字取此意也。詩頗有氣勢、議論,而粗率浮淺。感傷宋亡之什,尚能喟嘆。晚年供官應酬,益卑俗矣。腔吻時落俚鄙,如〈昔令史易名德英求詩〉云:「猶記當年劉更生,易名劉向位公卿。」〈三寶奴伏誅〉云:「受盡君恩弄盡權,富傾御府貴熏天。奴材自許齊三寶,主壽誰能保萬年。」卷九〈聞猿洞〉云:「知誰曾向此聞猿,猿久無聲洞宛然。」卷十〈六月六日作〉:「兒是行觴舉壽巵,孫居故里想顰眉。」〈喜歸〉云:「家山一步近一步,宦海百非真百非。」卷十一〈題懶婦〉:「手託香腮倚繡牀。」卷五〈贊詩十首〉,其子孫媚祖,謂可並驅杜陵,方密之亦云與〈秋興〉相伯仲,而意沓句傖,如云:「後天不朽惟詩壽,悟道能深即句超」;「倘得好詩千首在,不虛浮世一番來」;「道堪自重貧何患,人不能詩死莫休。」堯夫擊壤耳,杜陵云乎哉!
卷一〈止法〉:「喬木長千年,終不到霄漢。怒濤漲千尺,終亦有畔岸。倘非分限本截然,波吞天地枝插天。位極三公殊未愜,粟積千倉猶道乏。黃金滿櫃尚求多,華屋連雲常苦狹。人心無足時,天道有止法。」按姚春木《樗寮詩話》極稱此詩。西諺所謂:“Care is taken that trees do not grow into the sky
(sweep the stars down)”; “Dafür sorgt, dass die Bäume nicht in den Himmel
wachsen.” Cf. Jonathan Wild, Bk. I,
ch. 14: “noble avidity”, “great aversion to satisfaction”; II, 2: “The truest
mark of greatness is insatiability.”
卷五〈編少陵詩繼以山谷賦呈諶桂舟〉:「乾坤間氣浣溪濱,雅頌凄涼獨策勛。人立九天詩入聖,客游萬里義存君。衫青蜀道愁邊酒,頭白開元夢裡雲。誰嗣風流雙井在,百花潭水注清芬。」按詩甚劣,錄以見起潛談藝宗旨,自是江西人議論也。《隱居通議》中論文講道,皆惟江西人是重,蓋所舉不出其鄉者。故於理學推象山,於賦推李泰伯、黃魯直,以為班、左、李太白不能及。比物此志。卷六〈讀四靈湖海集〉云:「寒窗重閱四靈詩,深淺堪評俗未知。驕馬步輕迷草磴,流鶯聲滑鬧花枝。奔渾別有黃河水,高古誰看泰嶽碑。楚楚風流姚賈共,千年毛鄭見何時。」較佳。然以毛、鄭壓人,高而不切,宜云陶、謝、李、杜、韓、杜等。若曹彥鈞以〈關雎〉壓李、杜(見第三百九十七則),則尚不牽拖,衹是殺風景耳。
卷六〈軍中逢易雪厓〉:「情豈忍忘人自遠,書猶難別夢何憑。」
〈酬友人見寄〉:「萬花過影空前事,一葉浮波寄此生。」
卷七〈客談宋事〉:「誰將道學稱清談,更著程文配作三。帶雨紙人存旦暮,屯雲鐵騎滿東南。宋祧烟滅誰長慮,字義淵深且飽參。如此浮虛屋國社,猶將舊事重諵諵。」按觀《隱居通議》卷一〈朱陸〉條之隱斥朱子;〈朱張呂陸〉條因吳子良一語,遂斷言水心不薄陸;卷三〈竹溪論師傅〉條,以其能道象山,□識見逾卓,則所薄道學,指朱學也。(甚至卷一〈朱陸〉條、卷十七〈象山先生言吏姦二書〉條、卷十八〈象山小簡〉條極口推象山之詞章。)宋既亡,遺民痛定思痛,歸咎於道學之誤國,議論每足上承陳龍川,下開顏習齋。【《龍川集》卷一〈上孝宗皇帝第一書〉云:「今世之儒者,自以為得正心誠意之學者,皆風痺不知痛癢之人也。舉一世安於君父之仇,方且低頭拱手以談性命,不知何者謂之性命乎?」《杜本谷音》卷上程自修〈痛哭〉云:「乾坤誤落腐儒手,但遣空言當汗馬。西晉風流絶可愁,悵望千秋共瀟灑。」】如《齊東野語》卷十一所記道學家事,正深惡嚴絕之意也。樂雷發《雪磯叢稿‧烏烏歌》謂:「焚却離騷賦,劈碎太極圖。」(見第二十二則,《宋百家詩存》卷十八。)尚無起潛此詩之沉摯淒黯。第一句可與徐學謨《歸有園麈談》「晉人以名理為清談,宋人以道學為清談」參觀[10]。【《志雅堂雜鈔‧上‧人事》載沈子固言,云:「自詭為絕學。喪身亡國,甚於典午之清談。」《癸辛雜識‧續集‧卷下》亦記沈子固云:「異時必為國家莫大之禍,恐不在典午清談之下也。」方以智《通雅》卷首之二引「二無公」曰:「今謂宋儒與晉清談同弊,過矣。」利登《骳稿‧感興》云:「開明周孔心,賴有伊洛儒。(中略)彼哉典午時,相師談清虛。未知千載人,視今更何如。」袁桷《清容居士集》卷十〈過揚州憶昔〉第三首:「高視漢庭無出右,清談洛學竟成真。」】【《日知錄》卷七:「昔之清談談老莊,今之清談談孔孟。」(《習齋記餘》卷二〈與陸桴亭〉、《十駕齋養新錄》卷一八略同。)】第二句可與周同谷《霜猿集》第八十首、董若雨《西游補》第四回、賀貽孫《水田居存詩》卷二〈甲申寫怨〉第三首、王世德《崇禎遺錄》、呂晚村〈真進士歌〉、《潛邱劄記》卷一卷二、李世熊《寒支初集》卷一〈山中答惟中〉第二首、黃梨洲〈明文案原序〉上又《明文授讀》卷三傅占衡〈吳陳二子選文糊壁記〉、傅青主《霜紅龕全集》卷十五〈書成弘文後〉、《魏叔子文集》卷八〈內篇二集自敘〉、戴名世《南山全集》卷五〈三山存業序〉諸節論明朝文章學術之壞,以至亡國喪邦,皆八股為之厲堦,可相發明。【黃道周則極稱時文□□□□□□□《黃忠端公全集》卷二十二〈質園山中與獻汝書〉,卷卅〈書示同學〉。】馮夢華《蒿叟隨筆》卷一云:「麻雀詩鐘,亡清之宗」,則況而愈下矣。【參觀第一百七十二則。】[11]
卷八〈偶成〉:「一聚偶緣春夜夢,三生那記舊時身。」
卷十〈晚窗即事〉:「幾歲此地長為客,後月今朝定到家。」
卷十一〈題戴嵩牛〉:「誰貌春闌觳觫閒,模糊難認色犁斑。庖丁成佛田單老,飽臥輕烟薄霧間。」
卷十二〈菩薩蠻‧和詹天游〉:「故園青草依然綠,故宮廢址空喬木。狐兔穴巖城,悠悠萬感生。胡笳吹漢月,北語南人說。紅紫鬧東風,湖山一夢中。」
〈謁金門‧臨汝有歌者稍慧嘗與吟朋夜醉其樓對予唱賀新郎詞至劉郎正是當年少更那堪天教賦與許才調之句笑曰古曲兒今日恰好使得予因作小調題壁〉:「眉月小,紅燭畫樓歌繞,唱到劉郎頻笑道,古詞今恰好。深夜銀屏香裊,明日雕鞍塵杳,一餉春風容易曉,三生思不了。」
百三十[12]
《西青散記》卷四載鄭痴庵〈詠荷花〉云:「病後浣衣人已瘦,水心看影不知誰。」《兩般秋雨菴隨筆》卷一載貴公子詩云:「比來一病輕於燕,扶上雕鞍馬不知。」(《隨園詩話》卷九作「自憐病後輕於葉,扶上金鞍馬不知。」)【《夜航船》卷四〈七字千金〉謂「可憐病骨」云云(同隨園)。】可謂貌異心同。至《散記》卷二載娟娟仙子乩詞云:「身如弱水壓花陰,嫌重。」語奇而有鬼趣矣。乃知明人《畫中人》院本第二十一折云:「輕魂如紙倩風䭾」,尚嫌重濁。
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