2017年1月25日 星期三

《容安館札記》281~285則



薛季宣像





二百八十一[1]

            李彭《日涉園集》十卷。《江西宗派圖》中人著作流傳可得而按者,以商老最為庸劣,更在洪龜父之下。予十年前讀《豫章叢書》即持此論,今復披尋,仍主前說。商老之詩無意境,衹向山谷拾唾餘而咬矢橛,撏撦拆補,乍觀句若鍊雅,諦審則滿紙套語,皆不銜貫。《說郛》卷二十載吳萃《視聽鈔》云:「詩所以吟咏情性,乃閒中之一適,非所以求名也。予詩自知其淺,然却是自作生活,未嘗寄人籬下。若以艱深之詞文之,人未必以為淺也。黃魯直詩非不清奇,不知自立者翕然宗之,如多用釋氏語,卒推墮於𪶘濆之中,本非其長處也。而乃字字剽竊,萬首一律,不從事於其本,而影響於其末,讀之令人厭。章茂深郎中,葉石林甥也,自言從小學作江西詩。石林見之,必顰蹙曰:『何用事此死聲活氣語也!』《石林詩話》談山谷之詩不容口,非不取之,惡夫學者之過也。」竊謂不啻為商老此集發。
            卷三〈題洪駒父徐師川詩後〉:「籍甚洪崖縣,高寒欲無敵。徐郎聘君後,挺挺挻挻百夫特。堂堂無雙公如何可突如出山谷,一若鼎足,戶外滿屨跡。虎豹雄牙須,儕流甘辟易『甘』字不通。徐詩致平淡洪、徐與山谷關係一無交代,忽又將徐、洪平敘,反自窮艱極不可通」:「陰何不支梧,少陵頗前席不通。洪語自奇險,餘子傷剽賊。大似樊紹述此句如何插此處,宜移前,文字各識職。(下略)」按商老〈讀山谷文〉亦云:「絳帳老生悲湜籍,傳燈嫡子有徐洪。」(《錦繡萬花谷》卷廿六「哀挽」門),此詩不見《集》中,《補遺》亦未采摭。又按卷八〈用師川題駒父詩卷後韻〉云:「誰謂涪翁呼不起,細看宅相力能追。」
            〈五月二十四日晨起隔壁聞季敵營詩戲作此嘲之〉:「阿敵覓新詩,踪跡真詭秘。如偷發關鍵,大胆驚鄰里。微吟蟲得秋,幽討口搜耳不通。排句歸陣鴻,細字列行蟻。詩成胆力壯,巨軸書側釐。」
            卷五〈觀呂居仁詩〉:「西風鏖暑功夫深,老火由來欺稚金『功夫深』何得曰『由來欺』。蠻花缺月午夢短謂飲茗也,代詞可笑,伐翳正爾開遙岑。忽看僧珍五字句,妙想實與神明聚以韻故曰『聚』不曰『會』,遂不可通。清如明月東澗水,壯如玄豹南山霧不通」;「鄙夫好詩如好色,嫣然一笑可傾國。擊節歌之侑歡伯,杯中安得著此客如何接得上。(下略)」
            卷七〈上黃太守魯直〉五言長律:「勤我十年夢,持公一瓣香。聊堪比游夏,何敢似班揚一若聖門弟子不及後世詞人矣,若謂用『不能贊一詞』之意,則『聊堪』二字不合。」
            卷八〈次韻寄居仁二弟〉:「病嬾自知玄尚白,醉餘貪看碧成紅。」按卷九〈夜坐兼戲環上人〉云:「莫問草玄上白,須令看碧成朱。」
            〈望西山懷駒父〉:「百年會面知幾遇,十事欲言還九休。」按此聯亦佳。「遇」當是用《穀梁傳》「遇者,志相得也」(隱四年、十年、莊二十三年、三十年、三十二年……)之意,否則與「會面」矛盾矣。
            〈贈希廣禪師〉:「頭顱無意掃殘雪。毳衲從來著壞山。」按此與卷九〈失題〉之「尚餘新月張敞畫,無復么荷韓壽香」為商老《集》中以涪翁手法鑄語最工者。又按《宋詩紀事補遺》卷四十九自《羅湖野錄》(卷二)引出〈贈希廣〉詩,而標作者之名曰:「李商老,紹興時逸人。」其鹵莽寡陋多類此。

二百八十二[2]

            曾協《雲莊集》五卷。粗率無可采。同季為曾季貍從父,行集中酬贈之什頗多。歐陽澈《飄然集》三卷,更滑俗不足道。

二百八十三[3]

            《全秦文》卷一李斯〈諫逐客〉:「必秦國之所生然後可,則是夜光之璧不飾朝廷[4],犀象之器不為玩好,鄭衛之女不充後宮,而駿良駃騠不實外厩。今取人則不然,非秦者去,為客者逐。所重者在乎色樂珠玉,而所輕者在乎人民也。」按《全唐文》卷一五七李師政〈內德論〉乃駁傅奕而作。奕謂佛出西胡,不應奉於中國,〈內德論〉云:「夫由余出自西戎,輔秦穆以開伯業;日磾生於北狄,侍漢武而除危害。臣既有之,師亦宜爾。何必取其同俗而捨於異方乎?師以道大為尊,無論於彼此;法以善高為勝,不計於遐邇。豈得以生於異域而賤其道,出於遠方而棄其寶?夫絕群之駿,非唯中邑之產;曠世之珍,不必諸華之物。漢求西域之名馬,魏收南海之明珠,貢犀象之牙角,采翡翠之毛羽。物生遠域,尚於此而為珍,道出遐方,獨奈何而可棄?若藥物出於戎夷,禁呪起於胡越,茍可以蠲邪而去疾,豈以遠來而不用之哉」云云,焦弱侯《筆乘續集》卷三〈支談〉云:「善乎曹德芳之語高叔嗣曰:『聖人之言道,如人之名天也。中國謂之天矣,匈奴則謂之撐犁,豈有二哉?』肅慎之矢、氐羌之鸞、卜人之丹砂,權扶之玉石,中國之人世寶之。獨其微言妙論,乃掩耳不欲聽。性命、我之家寶也。我有無盡藏之寶,埋沒已久,貧不自聊矣。得一賈胡焉,指而示之,豈以其非中國人也,拒其言哉」云云。《明文授讀》卷三十二何喬遠〈琴莊筆記序〉云:「余嘗作〈佛論〉,以為世尊見仲尼,仲尼將與之乎?其拒之也?陽貨、季康、互鄉之徒皆可以進,世尊而見仲尼,仲尼與之矣。四夷衣服食用之具,其精且巧於中國者亦多,而中國率用之矣。至論學論文,則曰:『彼佛經也,彼佛義也』」云云。趙桐孫《琴鶴山房遺稿》卷七〈與李㤅伯同年書〉有云:「天算用彼術矣,礮火用彼法矣;吉貝出於異域,衣被寰中;巴菰植自南洋,咀含海表。苟求利濟,豈限方隅?刀號『定秦』,弓銘『克敵』;雖謂張吾三軍,學在四夷,夫奚不可也?以是發揚耳目,震耀威靈,本無嫌用楚之材,且有時盡羿之道矣。」柳子厚〈送僧浩初序〉:「果不信道而斥焉以夷,則將友惡來、盜跖而賤季札、由余乎?」云云,正同其說,實皆自李斯此文來,亦猶清末嘲頑固黨之恨洋學而好洋錢也,自古已然,於今何尤焉?參觀 Philostratus, Love Letters, 8 (“Loeb Class. Lib.”, pp. 431-3): “Foreign too are the showers to the land, & the rivers to the sea... Foreign too are the letters of the alphabet... & the woven fabrics of the Chinese.... Better too is the foreign lover.” 弱侯「賈胡指示」之喻,蓋本《楞嚴經》卷四:「譬如有人,於自衣中繫如意珠,不自覺知,他方乞食馳走,忽有智者指示其珠,所願從心,致大饒富。」《宋景文筆記》卷中亦云:「佛與中國老、莊、列之言相出入,大抵至於道者,無今古華戎,若符棨然。」齋藤謙《拙堂文話》卷六稱李斯此〈書〉「以二『今』字、二『必』字、一『夫』字斡旋三段,意不覺重複;後柳子厚論鍾乳、王錫爵論南人不可爲相,蓋模倣之,終不能得其奇也。」
            《全前漢文》卷十五賈誼〈過秦論〉。按項平父《項氏家說》卷八云:「賈誼之〈過秦〉、陸機之〈辨亡〉,皆賦體也。」此真具文心者之言。參觀《管子地數》。《隱居通議》卷十八云:「昔人謂韓文公作記,止記其事;而後人作記,乃是作論。」《詞林記事》卷九引毛子晉曰:「宋人以稼軒為詞論。」皆可參觀。又按漢人論多此體,如東方朔之〈非有先生論〉、王褒之〈四子講德論〉等是也,蓋《戰國策》之遺風耳。
            卷十六賈捐之〈棄珠崖議〉:「寇賊竝起,軍旅數發,父戰死於前,子鬥傷於後,老母寡婦,飲泣巷哭,遙設虛祭,想魂乎萬里之外。」按《全後漢文》卷五章帝〈還北單于南部生口詔〉即用此數語,而易一、二字,末句作「想望歸魂於沙漠之表」,較佳。焦弱侯編《楊升庵外集》卷七十一謂陳陶「可憐無定河邊骨」一絕本於李華〈古戰場文〉,〈古戰場文〉又本於賈捐之此節(《升庵全集》卷五十八)。洵然,惜未舉張文昌〈沒蕃故人〉詩云:「欲祭疑君在,天涯哭此時。」參觀七三三則論《全唐文》卷三二一。又按《齊東野語》卷一:「劉潛夫詩云:『身屬嫖姚性命輕,君看一蟻尚貪生。無因喚取談兵者,來此橋邊聽哭聲(按《後村大全集》卷四〈贈防江卒〉第四首,「此」字作「向」字)。』本於坡翁〈諫用兵疏〉云:『夫戰勝之後,陛下可得而知者,凱旋捷奏,拜表稱賀,赫然耳目之觀耳。至於遠方之民,肝腦塗於白刃,筋骨絕於饋餉,流離破產之狀,陛下必不得而見也。慈父、孝子、孤臣、寡婦之哭聲,陛下必不得而聞也』」云云,可參觀 Pindar: “To the inexperienced war is pleasant, but he that hath had experience of it, in his heart sorely feareth its approach” (Pindar, tr. by Sir John Sandys, “The Loeb Classical Library”, p. 577; cf. Dulce bellum inexpertis)。《道山清話》記老蘇以兵書遍見貴人,富韓公曰:「此君專勸人殺戮之威,豈得直如此要官做?」即「無因喚取談兵者」一句注腳。坡翁拈出「戰勝」二字,意尤深遠,即 Wellington: “Next dreadful thing to a battle lost was a battle won” ( The Journal of Thomas Moore, October 30, 1825, ed. P. Quennell, p. 125 June 6 1829, p. 188; April 7, 1837, p. 230)。參觀 Bruno, Candelaio, IV。【房玄齡〈諫伐高麗表〉云:「無故驅之於行陣之間,委之於鋒刃之下,令其老父、孤兒、寡妻、慈母望轊車而掩泣,抱枯骨以摧心。」(《全唐文》卷 137)】
            卷十九鄒陽〈酒賦〉:「清酒爲聖明,濁醴爲頑騃。」按《佩韋齋輯聞》卷一謂徐邈「中聖人」之說、皇甫松《醉鄉日月》「聖」、「賢」、「愚」,「君子」、「中庸」、「小人」之品,皆本此。
            卷二十枚乘〈七發〉。按平景蓀《霞外捃屑》卷七上云:「枚叔以後,唐以前,〈七〉凡四十家,唐以後不勝舉。」又按《容齋隨筆》卷七謂繼枚乘而作者「規倣太切,了無新意,柳子厚〈晉問〉用其體,而超然獨立機杼。[5]
            卷二十五東方朔〈七諫〉:「往者不可及兮,來者不可待。」按無名氏《愛日齋叢鈔》卷三:「林肅翁〈序樂軒詩筌〉末云:『師學之傳,豈直以詩?詩又不傳,學則誰知?後千年無人,已而已而。後千年有人,留以待之。』是摹擬舒元輿〈玉篆銘〉。感今懷古,此意多矣。東方朔云云。嚴忌云:『往者不可攀援兮,來者不可與期。』王文公《歷山賦》云:『曷而亡乎我之思,今孰見兮我之悲。嗚呼已矣兮,來者為誰?』不若柳子厚詩『誰為後來者?當與此心期。』猶可以啟來世無窮之思,否則夫子何以謂焉?知來者之不如今也。」實則《楚辭‧遠遊》早云:「往者余弗及兮,來者吾不聞。」《莊子‧人間世》楚狂接輿歌云:「來世不可待,往世不可追。」所引嚴忌語出〈哀時命〉,柳子厚語出〈南磵中題〉。馮衍〈幽通賦〉全襲東方朔二句。陳子昂〈登幽州台歌〉:「前不見古人,後不見來者。[6]」李習之〈拜禹歌〉云:「往者吾弗及兮,來者吾弗聞。已而,已而。」皆可補。
            卷二十六司馬遷〈報任安書〉。見第七七三則論〈蘇秦列傳〉。[7]【[移至《前漢文》卷二十六]又按史公〈報任安書〉末節歷舉居戹發憤、著書自見諸例,却未及虞卿,而舉呂不韋,似失倫類(〈呂不韋列傳〉明曰:「諸侯辯士著書布天下,呂不韋乃使其客人人著所聞」,是得位養士時所撰也;《舒藝室隨筆》卷四亦謂《呂覽》成于相秦時,〈說難〉、〈孤憤〉亦韓非未入秦時先成,本傳與〈任安書〉自相背違)。反復言「丘明無目,孫子斷足」者,以二人皆官體廢殘,與己之「茸以蠶室」尤近。曾弗人《紡授堂二集》卷三〈放歌為林守一丁丑初度〉:「何人不視,不如左瞽;何男不陽,不如遷腐」,良有以也。Croce, Estetica, 10a ed., p. 148: “Per isfuggire all’ineluttabile necessità, del prendere partito, lo storico dovrebbe diventare un eunuco, politico o scientifico; e scrivere storie non è mestiere da eunuchi.” 然子長身虧不用,已近中歲,非童而白身,固當不在此例耳,一笑。參觀 G.–C. Lichtenberg: “Vielleicht kömmt es noch dahin, dass man die Menschen verstümmelt, so wie die Bäume, um desto bessere Früchte des Geistes zu tragen. Das Kastrieren zum Singen gehört schon hieher. Die Frage ist, ob sich nicht Maler und Poeten eben so schneiden liessen” (Aphorismen, hrsg. A. Leitzmann, IV, S. 111); J.-G. Hamann: “Meine grobe Einbildungskraft ist niemals in Stande gewesen, sich einen schöpferischen Geist ohne genitalia vorzustellen” (Neue Hamanniana, hrsg. H. Weber, S. 126); Schiller: “Männerwürde”: “Aus eben diesem Schöpferfluss / Woraus wir Menschen warden, / Quillt Götterkraft und Genius, / Was mächtig ist auf Erden” (Werke, hrsg. L. Bellermann, I, S. 48); Eric Gill, Autobiography, p. 122: “We know what Renoir said, naming the tool with which he painted his pictures.  Let his confession suffice for me. Lettering, masonry — these are not trades for eunuchs”。又《明文授讀》卷五十二蔣冕〈太學生丘君行狀〉引丘敦作〈發冢論〉曰:「人之男者,腐之則奊,馬之壯者,腐之則良;人腐則鬚脫,鷄腐則尾長。」】

二百八十四[8]

            三十五卷。《宋詩鈔》中雖有《浪語集鈔》,人未知重也。《石遺詩話》謂散原詩似士龍,耳食之徒轉相稱述,余二十年前即不解其說,今再籀繹,益信為無稽之談[9]。散原詩竟體艱深,士龍則斑駁不純。散原多用澀字,士龍則偶用澀事。散原自是詩人之詩,士龍則經生之尚有詩情者,蹇吃笨重,氣不能舉,詞不能達,風格遠在止齋、水心之下,文亦矜持悶僿。《純常子枝語》卷三十八自《永樂大典》鈔得士隆《幽州叢攷》一卷。《攻媿集》卷七十〈跋薛士隆所撰林南仲墓誌〉謂其:「于書無不讀,耽玩鐘鼎古文,搜奇抉怪,凡易識者多不用,古文所無,間以小篆補其闕。淳熙四年冬,陳君舉一日同林伯順相過,愴然曰:『薛寺正之亡,吾儕之所痛也,嘗為伯順求先銘於寺正,書以古篆,恐其難辨,又作楷法於後,已授我而亡之矣。得其稿,茫不知何語,子能辨之否?』鑰攷究幾月,而後盡得之」云云,竊謂士龍詩文亦正宜作如是觀。
        卷二〈坊情賦〉。按張衡〈定情〉、應瑒〈正情〉、蔡邕〈靜情〉、王粲〈閑邪〉、陳琳〈止欲〉、阮瑀〈止欲〉、曹植〈靜思〉、阮籍〈清思〉、陶潛〈閑情〉、傅玄〈矯情〉、袁叔〈正情〉,諸如此類,已落科臼。士龍此〈賦〉前半侔色揣稱,詞既未工,一結正心復禮語又過激,至云:「禮正己以參天兮,莫見乎幽。眎十年猶臭兮,薰揉於蕕。彼鮑魚之肆兮,君子曾是之游」云云,太重矣。見七四四則。
            卷四〈元夕〉:「月娥雲鏡暗。」按士龍好用此等俗字。同卷〈月夜郊行〉云:「月娥添夜明」,卷七〈月下酴醿〉云:「高髻月娥呈素面」,散原避之唯恐不遠者。又如卷四〈樊口晨泛〉云:「宿霧青郊晴,卿雲碧嶺空」;〈芍藥〉云:「融洩云何樂,熙怡日是常」;卷五〈筠鄉新筍〉云:「有待瞻淇奧,行將滿渭濱」;〈九月十日菊〉云:「白羽摇依舊,黄裳笑反初。」每使經語,不倫不類。
            〈遊祝陵善卷洞〉第二首:「左右蝸蠻戰,晨昏燕蝠爭。」按同卷〈讀春秋有感〉云:「妄作南柯郡,間爭左角蠻」;〈讀骨鯁集〉云:「龍馬符雖在,檀槐戰已空」;〈至信陽宿〉云:「左角語爭戰,南柯聞大奔」;卷五〈讀三國志〉云:「左角蠻攻觸,南柯檀伐槐」。蓋數試而後得此聯也。《竹隱畸士集》卷四〈晝眠〉云:「左角蝸休鬥,南柯蟻正為」,「為」字不免「懸腳」之譏。《庚溪詩話》卷下稱何晉之大圭一聯云:「蜂垂倒世界,蚊聚小雷霆。」(何乃宣政間人。)《鶡冠子天則第四》:「有道之取政,非於耳目也。一葉蔽目,不見太山,兩豆塞耳,不聞雷霆。道開而否,未之聞也。」陸農師註云:「膚寸之間,小物足以障之,何足恃哉?此明道之足恃也。夫道開者,雲霧不能礙其視,雷霆不能亂其聽,雖栖在蚊睫而視之若嵩華之阿,戰於蝸角而聽之若齊魏之鬨,夫孰能否之?」修詞甚工,可與浪語此聯並舉。
            卷六〈春陰〉第一首:「官柳粲新綠,黃鸝語淫哇。」按卷九〈誠臺晚意〉:「遠近子規啼怨抑,高低乳燕語淫哇。」可與李太伯詩之「花淫得罪隕」同傳笑枋,參觀第二百五十則。
            《浪語集》中詩可錄者:
            卷五〈讀邸報〉第二首:「世味刀頭蜜,人情屋上烏。榮華葉子格,升黜選仙圖。 豺祭知生獸,蛇銜欲報珠。不將魂夢到,反是憶蓴鱸。[10]」按後半甚拙,第七句歇後,《履園叢話》卷二十一:「師禹門太守兩次落職,余慰之曰:『一官何足介意?亦如擲升官圖,其得失不係乎賢不肖,但卜其遇不遇耳。』」《湘綺樓日記》光緒八年七月二十四日:「左季高語人:『吾此官,雖擲升官圖亦不易得!』丈夫自致青雲,而乃比於牧豬之戲!左侯之胸襟未嘗自以爲人才可知。」即第三、四句之意。
            卷十一〈跋蜡虎圖〉:「歲云暮矣露為霜,枯條脫葉衰柳黃。郊原寂歷無人鄉,獖牙之豕充稻粱。含膘以遊神氣揚。有斑者虎蹲在旁。低頭妥尾不大忙,豕行過之不虎防,虎往搏之搤豕吭,豕亡故步聲喚長。虎如抱兒未遽央,豕形雖在身命亡。不如安之充虎腸(下略)。」按亦尚有「稚句」。同卷〈春愁詩效玉川子〉:「春陰苦無賴,巧解窮雕鎪。入我方寸間,釀成一百萬斛傷春愁。(略二句)沃以一石五斗杜康酒,醉心還與愁為謀。(略二句)愁思儻可織,爭奈百結不可紬。 我與愁作惡,走上千尺高高樓。 千尺遡雲漢,只見四極愁雲浮。(略二句)逃形入冥室,關閉一已牢。周遮四壁間,羅幕密以綢。愁來無際畔,還能為我添幽憂。我有龍文三尺之長劍,真剛不作繞指柔。(略四句)擬將此劍斬愁斷,昏迷不見愁之喉。(下略)」按《海錄碎事》卷九下載庾子山〈愁賦〉云:「攻許愁城終不破,蕩許愁門終不開。何物煮愁能得熟,何物燒愁能得然?閉戶欲推愁,愁終不肯去。深藏欲避愁,愁已知人處。」(任天社、史青神注山谷,李雁湖注荊公皆引之;嚴氏《全六朝文》、倪氏注《子山集》皆未收。)據《山谷外集》卷三〈和答李子真讀陶庾詩〉,青神注:「《集》中有云……」(即引此詩),是宋時子山集有此賦也[11]。王荊公〈自遣詩〉、山谷〈行次巫山宋楙宗遣騎送折花廚醞詩〉、〈和范信中寓居崇寧遇雨〉第一首、韓子蒼〈和李上舍冬日書事詩〉、朱新仲〈遣興詩〉皆用其語。韋莊〈愁〉云:「避愁愁又至」,姜白石〈齊天樂〉、劉須溪〈蘭陵王送春詞〉皆及子山此賦,《滹南遺老集》卷二十四斥此賦「狂易可怪」。士龍此作特加鋪張排比耳。李開先《一笑散》載元末明初臨清人作商調〈醋葫蘆〉云:「幾番上危樓將曲檻憑,不承望愁先在樓上等。」亦用開府語意,機杼皆本之揚子雲〈逐愁賦〉耳。Horace, Carm., III. i. 40: “Post equitem sedet atra Cura” 用意更妙。【Hermann Hesse: “An die Melancholie” (W. Rose, A Book of Modern German Lyric Verse, p. 96).】【沈與求《龜溪集》卷二〈夜坐〉云:「推愁不去酒杯空。」】【曹子建〈釋愁〉云:「愁之為物,惟恍惟惚,不召自來,推之勿往。」(《全三國文卷十九》)】【《文苑英華》卷九十一符載〈愁賦〉云:「親賤貧,傲富貴。其去也若緣雲之難,其來也類走丸之易。」】【《焦氏易林》卷七〈大過之遯〉云:「坐席未溫,憂來扣門。」(《易林》慣用「與喜俱居」、「憂來搖足」、「喜入我屋」、「利入我門」等語法。)】【徐師川〈卜算子〉云:「門外重重疊疊山,遮不斷、愁來路。」】【淹博如文芸閣亦不知〈愁賦〉出處,《純常子枝語》卷四十論清真〈玉樓春〉詞衹云「庾郎『愁』字乃兩宋人常語」而已。】
            卷十二〈木蘭將軍祠詩‧序〉略云:「唐世齊安已祠木蘭,『關山度若飛』句與今黃岡之關山偶合,不必真在黃也。胡燕索魏實未有『可汗』之名。魏、齊勳官未備,唐始有十二級,而天子有『天可汗』之號。如『兵帖』、『將軍』、『尚書郎』之類,皆南、北以還官書語。疑唐人擬作。」按《癸巳存稿》卷十三〈亳州志木蘭事書後〉謂:「黃陂木蘭縣名以樹,不關人也。」士龍此文,世尟引者。閻潛邱《古文尚書疏證》云:「『策勳十二轉』語,復證此歌為唐人作。」不知士龍已先言之。《樵隱昔寱》卷二〈木蘭辭〉亦未引此文。【陸雲士《北墅緒言》卷二:「〈木蘭辨〉謂:『隋煬帝所愛者,司花麗質,吹簫玉人。』雖女,從事疆場,能使同伍不可識測,其非蛾眉螓首之姿可知,何足供其妙選哉?」】【Nadezhda Durova’s journal The Cavalry Maiden; Julie Wheelwright, Amazons & Military Maids (1989); Nouveaux Lundis, VI, “Louise Labé.”
            卷十四〈七屆〉:微生、榮生、誕生、庸生、汲生、高生、安生與無然先生問道,甚冗重。宋人為此體者,以趙鼎臣《竹隱畸士集》卷十四〈七進篇〉為最佳。
            卷三十〈李長吉詩集序〉:「他人之詩不失之粗,則失之俗,要不可謂詩人之詩,長吉無是病也。其輕颺纖麗,蓋能自成一家。近世任信臣者,記慶曆中長安女倡曹文姬穎而工書,睹朱衣吏持篆玉示曰:『帝使李賀記白玉樓,竟召而寫之琬琰。』家人曰:『賀死歲三百矣,烏有是文?』姬曰:『仙家猶頃刻然。』乃拜命更衣,飛去。走稽於傳,李賀不聞於記事有所長,且以落筆章成見稱前史。自玉溪記白玉樓事,逮文姬更記,三百天家日月雖長,其敏速尚何道(疑當作「足」)信?天有帝,王羲之輩皆已亡,故不乏工書之臣,何待此文姬者?走懼其污長吉,故為辨。」按夫子真不憚煩者!士龍信仙語怪事,卷四〈韓文〉云:「退之强解事,剛不信神仙。」卷十二復有〈二女篇〉。洪邁《夷堅丙志》卷一九「聖奇鬼」條文甚長,凡二千五百三十一字,自言撮取薛所作〈志過記〉,今檢此《集》無其文,館臣《提要》亦未道。」【薛從女遇魈,其子沄見降魔事,季宣自恨「以輕信召禍」,故曰「志過」。】又《夷堅丁志》卷十二「薛士隆」條記其誤服庸毒藥,「熏蒸至斃」,尤異聞也。《朱子語類》一百三十八:「『昔薛士龍之子亦[見鬼]。』……可學曰:『……所謂「九聖奇鬼」。』先生曰:『渠平生亦好說鬼。』[12]

二百八十五[13]

            楊蟠《章安集》一卷,《台州叢書後集》本。歐陽永叔題公濟詩集云:「臥讀楊蟠一千首,乞渠秋月與春風。」是所作必多,今則存者無幾,什九淺俗,舍傳誦之「天遠樓台橫北固,夜深燈火見揚州〈陪潤州裴如晦學士遊金山回作〉」一聯而外,惟「山抱鐘聲圓不散〈早過天竺呈明智及同遊二老〉,下句云:『雪鋪瓦面冷無光』,稚拙」一句可取耳。
            【《錦繡萬花谷》卷二十三〈才德〉門引五律四句(「詩魂躔斗壁,醉力撼蓬萊。剖山無鵲印,傾廄盡龍媒」)。】


[1]《手稿集》468-70 頁。
[2]《手稿集》470 頁。
[3]《手稿集》470-3 頁。
[4] 原文脫落「廷」字。
[5]《管錐編全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文一八全漢文卷二○》「卷七」誤作「卷四」(三聯書局 2007 年版,1449 頁)。
[6]「來者」原作「後者」。
[7] 即下文,見《手稿集》2445 頁眉。
[8]《手稿集》473-6 頁。
[9]《石遺室詩話卷十四‧十二》:「余舊論伯嚴詩避俗避熟,力求生澀,而佳語仍在文從字順處。世人只知以生澀為學山谷,不知山谷仍槎枒,並不生澀也。伯嚴生澀處與薛士龍季宣乃絕相似,無人知者。嘗持浪語詩示人,以證此說,無不謂然。然辛亥亂後,則詩體一變,參錯於杜、梅、黃、陳間矣。」
[10]「烏」原作「鴉」。
[11] 此數字不易辨識,或有誤。
[12]「亦好說鬼」原作「亦可說鬼」。
[13]《手稿集》476 頁。

《容安館札記》276~280則



1492年版《十日談》修士魯斯蒂科教少女阿莉白送魔鬼入地獄一節插畫



二百七十六[1]



            呂浦《竹谿稿》二卷。公甫出許白雲門下,吟風弄月每作道學口氣,令人叵耐。如卷上〈鱸魚賦〉結語云:「主人既知魚之樂矣,又豈不兼知魚鳥之樂乎?傳不云乎:『鳶飛戾天,魚躍於淵。』渺雲飛而川泳,合道體之大全。前賢吃緊為人處,活潑潑地。主人豈亦知其所以然而然」云云,方自以為曲終奏雅,而不自知為怪鬼壞事也。又有〈梅邊稿〉皆詠梅花詩七律四十四首(卷上)。《梅磵詩話》記杜小山問句法於趙紫芝,答曰:「但能飽吃梅花數斗,胸次玲瓏,自能作詩」云云,蓋南宋人習氣,故張端義《貴耳集》卷中云:「詩句有『梅花』二字,便覺有清意。」方虛谷《瀛奎律髓》卷二十批杜工部〈和裴迪早梅〉云:「凡唐、宋人詩中有『梅』字者,即便清雅標致。」故錄張澤民《實齋詠梅集》中惡詩至二十首。倘見公甫此作,必把臂入林,為之詠高菊澗〈孤山雪後詩〉曰:「近來行輩無和靖,見說梅花不要詩」;王菉漪〈梅詩〉曰:「衹因誤識林和靖,惹得詩人說到今」(見《西溪詩話》);杜茶村〈梅花〉曰:「平生衹是知慙愧,逢著梅花不作詩」矣。【《元詩選二集》庚集有郭豫亨〈梅花字字香〉百首錄十二首(《誠齋集》卷三十六〈跋蕭彥毓梅坡詩集〉:「想渠踏月枝枝瘦,贈我盈編字字香」),皆集古人詠梅句為七律(郭詩前後集七律百首,《四庫提要》謂「二百首」者誤);《三集》有馮海粟〈梅苑百詠〉七絕(《船山遺書》卷五十五有〈和馮氏百詠詩〉并指摘其題目之不通)。】【宋黃大輿輯詠梅詞為《梅苑》十卷(如卷四南山居士〈永遇樂梅贈客〉云:「這情懷、厭厭怎向,無人伴我孤另」,大失梅花身分矣)。】【《道古堂集外詩》:〈梅花百詠〉(五絕)、〈全韻梅花詩〉一百六首(五、七絕)。】



二百七十七[2]



            《全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文》。按楊守敬《晦明軒稿》第二冊跋此書云:「《鐵橋漫稿》中〈答涂星伯〉、〈陳碩士〉兩書言搜輯之事甚詳。邇來有傳此書為孫淵如所纂者,謂其言出自吳山尊,是大不然。嚴氏致星伯書,欲得〈梁永陽王前墓志〉及〈隋高麗碑〉。今此書已有〈梁墓志〉文,是星伯録寄。此〈志〉海内孤本,孫氏《訪碑録》所未載,尤此書非孫氏作之切證」云云,言「出吳山尊」,蓋本之《譚復堂日記》卷五,俞理初《癸巳存稿》卷十二〈全上古至隋文目録不全本識語〉僅言「實陽湖孫淵如觀察之力」一句,而下文復云:「鐵橋搜校金石古書,補至十分之一,撰作者小傳。」是又孫氏為之先,嚴氏成其後之說矣。【《媿生叢錄》卷二:「據《李申耆先生年譜》道光二年及五年謂,孫星衍倡其事,申耆終之,而書不傳。」】楊氏尚有《補嚴氏古文存》一書,《晦明軒稿》第二冊其書〈序〉略謂:「取《洛陽伽藍記》、《全蜀藝文志》、日本《文館詞林》、《文鏡秘府論》、朝鮮《東古文存》諸書,補嚴氏之佚。」又:「嚴氏載金石文字,多據舊釋,未可依據,取拓本是正之」云云。實則嚴氏於采摭所及之書已不免疏漏,理初〈識語〉謂:「《文選注》中有伍子胥文、《莊子》逸語、《抱朴子》逸文,《太平廣記》有東漢闕名文,皆宜補」云云。今本《全上古文》已補入伍子胥〈水戰兵法〉,而《莊子》則并無其目,蓋尚有交臂失之者。然王伯厚已掇拾《莊子》,見《困學紀聞》卷十,理初亦似偶忘却也。諸如此類,初不必效楊氏之傍搜遠討也。【勞季言《讀書雜識》卷二有校正顏輯《傅子》一條、《典論》二條、《昌言》一條、《典語》一條、《正書》一條、《正論》二條。】【余嘉錫《論學雜著》下冊六七九頁謂《史記‧滑稽列傳‧集解》引鍾繇、王朗、華歆論「三不欺」、《金樓子立言篇》引諸葛亮論光武、《列子‧天瑞篇》注引何晏〈道論〉、《世說賞譽篇》注引謝鯤〈元化論序〉皆失收。《樵隱昔寱》卷四〈與汪荔牆論全上古三代秦漢三國南北朝文編目書〉亦正其誤,如王樂道〈與穆四書〉「借書一瓻」云云,乃北宋王陶〈與錢穆四書〉語,見《邵氏聞見後錄》,梅氏《文紀》誤以入梁,嚴亦沿之。】【文廷式《純常子枝語》卷四謂其誤以孔璠、張委、張野三晉人為宋人,亦未詳其爵里,卷十謂可補四、五十卷,因舉《御覽》中三代文漏輯者。】【楊鳳苞《秋室集》卷四〈與陳生書〉云:「鐵橋言古錢甚了了,金石文字亦能枚舉。惜其言大而夸,目無前人,不免夜郎自大之誚。出示近詩數章,依然故調,在郡人中為白眉,然去作者門庭尚遠也。[3]」】

            《全上古文》卷一〈黃帝金人銘〉。按王粲有〈反金人贊〉、孫楚有〈反金人銘〉。

            〈兵法〉。按《藝文類聚》卷二、卷六十、《太平御覽》卷二百四十一、卷三百三十九、卷八百七十八所載《黃帝兵法》,嚴氏遺漏未收。

            卷二武王〈盥盤銘〉:「溺於淵,猶可援也;溺於人,不可救也。」按〈筆書〉:「陷水可脫,陷文不活。」二篇意相同。

        卷五吳王夫差〈矢書射文種蠡軍〉:「狡兔以死,良犬就烹;敵國如滅,謀臣必亡。」按此見《吳越春秋夫差內傳》,據同書〈勾踐伐吳外傳〉及《史記‧越世家》,范蠡自齊遺文種書曰:「高鳥已散,良弓將藏;狡兔已盡,良犬就烹。」《韓非子‧內儲說下》伯嚭遺文種書曰:「狡兔盡則良犬烹,敵國滅則謀臣亡。」此理汪景祺《讀書堂西征隨筆》「功臣不可為」一條闡之最透,所謂「猜忌之主,其才本庸,而其意復怯,遲之既久,而疑心生焉,而畏心生焉,而怒心生焉,而厭心生焉」是也。

            卷六太公〈龍韜〉:「多言多語,惡口惡舌,終日言惡,寢臥不絕,為眾所憎,為人所疾,此可使要問閭里,察奸伺猾。」按「校事」、「候官」、「察子」、「覷步」以此等人為之,亦見偵陰私者之不齒於人矣。《茶香室續鈔》卷七云:《能改齋漫錄》謂「察子」之名本之高駢,見《廣陵妖亂志》;《猗覺寮雜記》謂唐人并有「覷步」,不知誰何詩云:「強梁御史人覷步,安得夜開沽酒戶?」【《管子七臣七主》:「從狙而好小察。」】【《癸巳存稿》卷七云:「魏吳有『校事官』,似北魏之『候官』,明之『廠衛』,皆凶橫擅作威福,或謂之『典校』、『校曹』、『校郎』、『校官』,見〈孫邈〉、〈衛臻〉、〈潘濬〉、〈朱據〉等傳。〈高柔傳〉云:『太祖置校事盧洪、趙達等,使察羣下柔言,達等擅作威福,太祖曰:要使刺舉而辦眾事,使賢人君子為之,則不能也。」】【明東廠謂之「打事」(《蠡勺編》十七)。】【《曲洧舊聞》卷一。】【《舊唐書》卷一百十二〈李峴傳〉:「初, 李輔國判行軍司馬, 潛令官軍於人間聽察是非, 謂之『察事』,忠良被誣構者繼有之,須有追呼,諸司莫敢抗。」】

            「武王伐殷,乘舟濟河,兵車出,壞船於河中。太公曰:『太子為父報仇,今死無生。』所過津梁,皆悉燒之。」按項羽救鉅鹿,沉船破釜。西方亦有 “burn one’s boats”“couper les ponts” 之說,蓋行軍常事。至 “dem Feinde goldene Brücken bauen”,則窮寇莫邀之意矣(說見 G. Büchmann, Geflügelte Worte, Volks-Ausgabe von B. Krieger, 1926, S. 97)。【Don Quixote, Pt. II, ch. 58: “When the enemy flees, build him a bridge of silver” (tr. S. Putnam, p. 891).

            卷八鬼谷先生〈遺書責蘇秦張儀〉:「夫女愛不極席,男歡不畢輪。」《容齋四筆》卷二引《戰國策》江乞謂安陵君曰︰「以色交者,華落而愛渝。是以嬖女不敝席,寵臣不敝軒。」呂不韋說華陽夫人曰:「以色事人者,色衰而愛弛。」《詩氓》之序曰:「華落色衰,復相棄背。」

            卷九荀卿〈賦篇〉:「充盈大宇而不窕,入郄穴而不偪。」按言雲也。《全漢文》卷五十三揚雄〈解嘲〉以此自言《太玄》云:「大者含元氣,纖者入無倫。」《中庸》云:「語大,天下莫能載;語小,天下莫能破。」《淮南子‧原道訓》移此意形容道體云:「舒之幎于六合,卷之不盈于一握。」《全三國文》卷十九曹子建〈釋愁〉云:「尋之不知其際,握之不盈一掌。」《二程遺書》卷十一伊川謂:「《中庸》之言,放之則彌六合,卷之則退藏於密。」正此手眼。【又第一百七則《管子‧宙合》。[4]

            卷十宋玉〈風賦〉,按參觀第二十一則。

            〈神女賦〉,按參觀第七十九則。

            〈高唐對〉:「旦為朝雲,暮為行雨。朝朝暮暮,陽台之下。」按《通俗編》卷一云:「杜甫〈貧交行〉:「翻手為雲覆手雨。」只反覆不常意,小說家牽高唐雲雨之文,資穢褻不堪之用,殊可笑」云云。實則《莊子‧天運篇》云:「雲者為雨乎?雨者為雲乎?孰隆施是?孰居無事淫樂而勸是?」翟氏當引此說雲雨。【又第六九一則、七四四則。】【Bruno, Candelaio, IV. ix, Marta: “... più di sette mesi sono, che non me ci ha piovuto” etc. (Opere, ed. A. Guzzo, p. 123).

            〈好色賦〉:「於是處子恍若有望而不來,忽若有來而不見。意密體疏,竊視流眄。」按此刻劃入微,遂開詩詞家無限法門,可與 Theocritus, V 一節比美,參觀第二百十三則。【柳永〈木蘭花令〉:「問著洋洋回却面」;張先〈踏莎行〉:「佯佯不覷雲鬟點」。】「意密體疏」語與義山之「身無彩鳳雙飛翼,心有靈犀一點通」,所謂貌同心異也。【又七七三〈西南夷列傳〉、七七四則。】

            〈小言賦〉,按《全晉文》卷五十一傅咸有〈小語賦〉。【宋玉〈小言賦〉見第七百五則】《書影》卷四引《晏子春秋》答景公天下極大極小(「東海有蟲,巢於蟁睫」云云),謂大、小言不始宋玉。

            卷十六彭祖:「上士別牀,中士異被。服藥百過,不如獨臥。」按戴埴《鼠璞》卷上引此節而論之曰:「與世以素女術出於彭籛者大相反」云云,是也。《觀古堂彙刻書》中有《素女經》載彭祖云:「不知交接之道,雖服藥無益也。法之要者,在於多御少女,而莫數瀉精」云云,與此節違牾矣。《真誥》卷二謂修房中事求仙「如以金棺葬狗」。全書反復申此意,如卷一論紫微王夫人與安妃為配偶云:「有偶對之名,定內外之職 。不必苟循世中之弊穢,而行淫濁之下迹。」卷二云:「雖名夫婦,不行夫婦之迹也。是用虛名以示視聽。苟有黃赤存於胸中,真人亦不可得見。」卷九云:「道士求仙勿與女子交。一交而傾一年之藥力。」卷五則謂:「食草木之藥,不知房中之法,無益也。」又與《素女經》合,蓋已莫知適從矣。(補見第二百八十三則眉。[5])【[補第二百七十七則《全上古文》卷十六]《後村大全集》卷一百七十四云:「山谷與坡公云:『只欠小蠻樊素在,我知造物愛公深』;屏山問李漢老疾云:『欲袖雲門竹篦子,室中驅出散花人』;愛朋友之言也。白公云:『病與樂天相伴住,春同樊素一時歸』;放翁《劍南詩稿》73〈次韻李季章參政哭其夫人‧之二〉云:『九十老農緣底健,一生強半是單栖』;自愛之言也。」《說郛》卷九羅點《聞見錄》云:「有士夫年老納二寵,友以『忠奴』、『孝奴』名之。」皆彭祖意也。顧況〈宜城放琴客歌〉:「服藥不如獨自眠,從他更嫁一少年!」……[6]即引彭祖語。放翁詩及包恢〈獨睡丸〉事,cf. Boccaccio (quoted in Comparative Literature, Fall, 1973, p. 355)。】



二百七十八[7]



            A.H. Bullen, ed., Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, from Romances & Prose Tracts of the Elizabethan Age.

            VI: “The old Greek novelists did not garnish their stories with verse; & Apuleius stuck to prose.” Bullen has forgotten that Petronius’ Satyricon is plentifully “garnished” with verse (vide V, XVIII, XXIII, XXXIV, LV, LXXIX, LXXX, LXXXII, LXXXIII, LXXXIX, XCIII, CIX, CXIX-CXXIV, CXXVI, CXXVII, CXXIII, CXXXI, CXXXII, CXXXIII, CXXXIV, CXXXV, CXXXVI, CXXXVII, CXXXIX in “The Loeb Classical Library”, pp. 6-8, 26, 32, 52, 98, 156, 160, 164, 166, 174-8, 186, 226, 252-274, 280, 284, 286, 292, 294-6, 298, 302, 304, 306, 310, 314); Eumolpus especially spouted verses with a facility that sufflaminandus erat (CXXIV: “ingenti volubilitate verborum effudisset” — p. 274).

            P. 14: Robert Greene, Menaphon: “A bitter sweet, a folly worst of all” etc. A favourite conceit of Greene’s; cf. p. 21: The Orpharion: “a sharpe, yet sugared smart”, p. 29: Francesco’s Fortunes: “nothing so sweet & sour as love.” This oxymoron for the ambivalence of love is as early as Sappho, LXXXI. γλυκύπικρον (Lyra Graeca, ed. J.M. Edmonds, “The Loeb Classical Library”, I, p. 238); the theme is much embroidered upon in the Middle Ages, vide quotations from Marbode, De Meretrice (“Dulce malum pariter favus atque venenum” etc.) & an anonymous diatribe against woman (“fetens rosa, tristis paradisus, dulce venenum, poena delectabilis, dulcor amarus”) in Remy de Gourmont, Le Latin mystique, pp. 218, 220. Petrarch in Canzone, 129 also speaks of “questo mio viver dolce amaro” (L.R. Lind, Lyric Poetry of the Ital. Ren., p. 180). In a sonnet “mia dolce pena” (The Penguin Bk of It. Verse, p. 120), Sonetti, 13: “mia dolce pena... / d’una chiara fonte viva move ‘l dolce et l’amaro” (Ibid., p. 196). Cf. infra 第二百九十一則、七百三則、七百三十八則、七四四則。【The Celestina (tr. L.B. Simpson, p. 118): “a pleasant canker, a savory poison, a sweet bitterness, a delightful distress, a joyous torture” etc.】【Ronsard, Le Premier livre des Amours, XLV (Pléiade, I, p. 20): “Amour me tue, et si je ne veux dire / Le plaisant mal que ce m’est de mourir. / Tant j’ai grand’ peur qu’on veuille secourir / Le doux tourment pour lequel je soupire. / ...”】【Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. II, Sect. III, Mem. I, Subs. I: “as he [Apuleius, Florid, iv, 18] saith, our whole life is a glucupicron, a bitter-sweet passion, honey and gall mixt together” (George Bell, vol. II, p. 147).

            P. 28: Robert Greene, Francesco’s Fortunes: “He [Cupid] from his quiver drew a bolt of fire / And aimed so right as that he pierced my eye”; cf. p. 31: “His bow of steel, darts of fire / He shot amongst them sweet desire, / Which straight flies / In their eyes, / And at the entrance made them start, / For it ran from eye to heart.” Also p. 46: Thomas Lodge: Rosalind: “Turn I my look unto the skies, / Love with his arrows wounds mine eyes.[8]” The underlying theory is of course the Platonic theory that Amor est passio quaedam innata procedens ex vision (Andrea Capellani regii Francorum de amore libri tres, ed. E. Trojel, p. 3). Castiglione’s passage in Il Libro del Cortegiano, Lib. IV, §52 is almost a gloss on Greene’s lines: “onde piacevolmente tira a sè gli occhi umani, e per quelli penetrando s’ imprime nell’anima” (Ed. Ulrico Hoepli, p. 412; cf. §62: “E che così come udir non si può col palato, né odorar con l’orecchie,... ma con quel senso del qual essa bellezza è vero objetto, che è la virtù visiva” — p. 425); Petrarch, “e’ [il cor] si rimase seco / Et si nascose dentro a’ suoi belli occhi”[9]; Merchant of Venice, III, ii, 67 ff.: “It [fancy] is engend’red in the eyes, / With gazing fed” etc.; cf. supra 第二百五十七則 for other examples. Also Lawrence Babb, The Elizabethan Malady, p. 132: “Some authors believe that spirits engendered in the heart of the beloved emanate from her eyes, enters the eye of the lover, penetrate to his heart, & spread through his body. These spirits, desiring always to return to the place of their origin, cause an intense yearning in the lover.” See Pierre Boaistuau, Theatrum Mundi, tr. Alday, pp. 193-4; Plato, Phaedrus, 251, 255 (on p. 143 infra, he refers to Sidney, Arcadia; Lodge, A Margarite of America, IV, iii, 29; Dante, The New Life, XIX, etc.). To these we may add Philostratus, Love Letters, 10, 11, 12, 56 (“Loeb Class. Lib.”, pp. 435, 437, 439, 519) on eyes as the gateway or seat of love; Héliodore, Les Éthiopiques, III, vii (Romans Grecs, “Classiques Garnier,” p. 84). The source of all these is Plato’s Phaedrus, 36.Dante, Par., XXVI. 13-5.】【Bruno, Il Candelaio, I. x: “gli occhii... in atto d’amore principalmente son fenestre dell’anima” etc. (Opere, ed. A. Guzzo, p. 69), & De gli eroici furori, II Parte, III, Dialogo (pp. 625 ff.).】【Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. III, Sect. II, Mem. II, Subs. II: “The first step of love is sight” (Everyman’s Lib.,III, pp. 65-6), “eyes the hooks of love” (p. 83).】【《花草粹編》卷四〈喜團圓〉:“眼是心媒,心為情本。”】

            P. 34: Robert Greene: Philomela: “With folded arms and lips meeting, / Each soul another sweetly greeting; / For by the breath the soul fleeteth, / And soul with soul in kissing meeteth.” Curiously enough, Sir Stephen Gaselee has overlooked this passage in his delightful article “The Soul in the Kiss” (Criterion, April, 1924, pp. 349 ff.) which, by the way, has been anticipated to a certain extent by Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. III, Sect. II, Mem. ii, Subs. 3 (“Everyman’s Library”, vol. III, pp. 110 ff.). Among his other omissions, I may mention: Castiglione, Il Libro del Cortegiano, Lib. IV, §64: “Il bascio si po piú presto dir congiungimento d’anima che di corpo, perché in quella ha tanta forza che la tira a sé e quasi la separa dal corpo... che ancora che la bocca sia parte del corpo, nientedimeno per quella si dà esito alle parole che sono interpreti dell’anima, e a quello intrinseco anelito che si chiama pur esso ancor anima” (Ed. Ulrico Hoepli, pp. 427-8). Cf.  H. Weber, La création poétique au 16e siècle en France, I, 178, 237); Guarini: “Baci pur bocca curiosa e scaltra / O seno o fronte o mano: unqua non fia / Che parte alcuna in bella donna baci / Che baciatrice sia, / Se non la bocca, ove l’un’alma e l’altra / Corre e si bacia anch’ ella, e con vivaci / Spiriti pellegrini / Dà vita al bel tesoro / De’ hacianti rubini” (quoted in De Sanctis, Gli scrittori d’Italia, compiled by Luigi Russo, I, p. 550); Thomas Stanley, “ The Kiss”: “When on thy lip my soul I breathe, / Which there meets thine” etc. (George Saintsbury, Minor Poets of the Carolina Period, III, p. 128; cf. Stanley, “The Exchange”, p. 138); Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Bk. II, ch. v: “Their lips were joined, their two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into one.” Gaselee has also overlooked Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophil and Stella, LXXXI; Marino, L’Adone, VIII. 124: “giungono i cori in su le labra estreme, / corrono l'alme ad intrecciarsi insieme” (G.G. Ferrero, Marino e i Marinisti, p. 191); 128: “E mentre tu ribaci, ed io ribacio, / L’alma mia con la tua copula il bacio” (p. 192).

            P. 41: Thomas Lodge, Rosalind: “Love in my bosom like a bee / Doth suck his sweet; / Now with his wings he plays with me, / Now with his feet” etc. Very prettily & chastely put; cf. on the other hand, 馮猶龍《山歌》卷五〈唱山歌〉:“千阿哥,萬阿哥,那了再來我裏街前屋下唱山歌!唱得小阿奴奴千葉牡丹花心裏悠悠拽拽介動,好似繡花針撥動疥蟲窠!” & Journal des Goncourt, 1886, 26 août: “La phrase arabe dont elle se sert pour désigner la femme qui jouit: ‘Elle a un ver dans le derrière!’ est une phrase renfermant un mépris, dont on ne peut donner l’idée.”

           P. 57: Nichloas Breton, The Will of Wit: “Come, all the world, submit your selves to Care, / And him acknowledge for your chiefest king; / ... O courteous King, O high & mighty Care” etc. A very disappointing poem. The opening line raised false hopes for something philosophical & one comes to earth with a jolt when one finds that by “care” Breton means precaution — “Counsel” & “foresight”. How childish this “King Care” besides “Frau Sorge” made familiar by Goethe’s Faust & Sudermann’s novel (cf. Jethro Bithell, ed., Germany, p. 20)! Of course one does not expect Breton to take an existential view of “care” — “Das In-der-Welt-sein wesenhaft ist” etc. (Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, Ite Hälfte, 3te Aufl., S. 195), but how shallow is his naively cheerful outlook compared with that of the Cura-Fabel (quoted in Sein und Zeit, S. 197-8)Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabularum Liber, 220 (summarized in Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. I, Sect. II, Mem. iii, Subs. x, Bell, vol. I, p. 314): “Tu Jovis quia spiritum dedisti, in morte spiritum, / tuque Tellus, quia dedisti corpus, corpus recipito, / Cura enim quia prima finxit, teneat quamdiu vixerit” (S. 198. Heidegger’s comment on the last line is: “Dieses Seiende hat den Ursprung seines Seins in der Sorge... Das Seiende wird von diesem Ursprung nicht entlassen, sondern festgehalten, von ihm durch herrscht, solange dieses Seiende ‘in der Welt ist’”). Cf. 第七四四則 on Ciro di Pers, “Miseria umana” (G.G. Ferrero, Marino e i Marinisti, p. 95).

            P. 142: “The Phoenix’ Nest”: “Feigned resistance then she will begin, / And yet unsatiable in all the rest: / And when thou dost unto the act proceed, / The bed doth groan & tremble at the deed.” Cf. Bullen, ed., Speculum Amantis, p. 110: “Wit’s Cabinet”: “What is a man that thou shouldst dread / To change with him a maidenhead? / At first all virgins fear to do it / And but trifle away their time, / And still unwilling to come to it / In foolish whining spend their time; / But when they once have found the way, / Then they are for it night and day.” This is Tirsi’s advice to Aminta: “Perché dunque non osi oltra sua voglia / Prenderne quel che, se ben grave in prima, / Al fin al fin le sarà caro e dolce / Che’ abbi preso?” (Tasso, Aminta, II, iii, Poesie, ed. F. Flora, p. 646). Cf. Martial’s neat phrase “Coniuge Penelope venit, abit Helene”[10] (I, lxii, “The Loeb Classical Library”, tr. by W.C.A. Ker, I, p. 68). Il Decamerone, III, x gives a most ribald example of l’appétit vient en mangeant: “La giovane [Alibech], che mai più non aveva in inferno messo diavolo alcuno, per la prima volta sentì un poco di noia, per che ella disse a Rustico: ‘Per certo, padre mio, mala cosa dee essere questo diavolo e veramente nemico di Dio, ché ancora al ninferno, non che altrui, duole quando egli v’è dentro rimesso.’... La qual, poi che vide che Rustico non la richiedeva a dovere il diavolo rimettere in inferno, gli disse un giorno: ‘Rustico, se il diavol tuo è gastigato e più non ti dà noia, me il mio ninferno non lascia stare: per che tu farai bene che tu col tuo diavolo aiuti a attutire la rabbia al mio ninferno com’io col mio ninferno ho aiutato a trarre la superbia al tuo diavolo.’ Rustico, che di radici d’erba e d’acqua vivea, poteva male rispondere alle poste”[11] (Ed. Ulrico Hoepli, pp. 237-8). 柳宗元〈河間婦傳〉is also a case in point (《野客叢書》卷二十、《鼠璞》卷下 &《十駕齋養新錄》卷十六 all three suggested《漢書‧原涉傳》as a possible source of〈河間婦傳〉,cf.《螺江日記》卷六 citing “或說‘河間’與‘和奸’同音”[12]); 李審言《媿生叢錄》卷一:“〈齊物論〉‘麗之姬’云云,柳子厚〈河間傳〉似從此變化而出”. Cf. 六百七十二則黃生《義府》卷下 on “今日牛羊上丘隴,當年近前面發紅”(古樂府〈樂辭〉──《詩歸》卷十).



二百七十九[13]



            A.H. Bullen, ed., Speculum Amantis.

            P. 6: Thomas Campion’s Fourth Book of Airs: “Beauty, since you so much desire / To know the place of Cupid’s fire, / About you somewhere doth it rest, / Yet never harbour’d in your breast, / Nor gout-like in your heel or toe; / What fool would seek love’s flame so low? / But a little higher, but a little higher, / There, there, O there lies Cupid’s fire.[14]” This reminds me of the words Taine inscribed in one of his books he presented to Jeanne de Tourbey: “Aux pieds de votre Altesse, sons espoir sans espoir de monter plus haut.” Flaubert also wrote to her: “Laissez moi vous baiser les deux mains jusqu’aux épaules — et les deux pieds jusqu’où il vous plaira” (sec R. Dumesnil, L’Epoque realiste et naturaliste, p. 166).

            P. 15: John Atty’s First Book of Airs: “My days, my months, my years / I spend about a moment’s gain, / A joy that in th’ enjoying ends, / A fury quickly slain” etc. cf. p. 20: The Bristol Drollery: “But then, alas! soon ended the delight; / For too much love had hastened its flight... / Which left the lovers in a state to prove / Long were the pains but short the joys of love.” Petronius’s wonderful poem on this subject: “Foeda est in coitu et brevis voluptas, / et taedet Veneris statim peractae. / Non ergo ut pecudes libidinosae / caeci protinus irruamus illuc / (nam languescit amor peritque flamma); / sed sic sic sine fine feriati / et tecum iaceamus osculantes. / Hic nullus labor est ruborque nullus: / hoc iuvit, iuvat et diu iuvabit; / hoc non deficit incipitque semper.” (Petronius, “The Loeb Classical Library”, pp. 358-60). One can understand how irritating all this cautious titillation is to women, & no wonder Rebecca West on the strength of this poem denounces Petronius as “homosexual & fearful of impotence with women” (Black Lamb & Grey Falcon, I, p. 173). But there are women who experience a thrill of pleasure in such inconclusive love-making — witness the French lady who remarked on “cette volupté que ressentent les bords de la mer, d’être toujours pleins sans jamais déborder” (Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, V, p. 70). For A. Huxley’s view of Petronius’s poem as “the most succinct & accurate account of certain almost supernatural state of bodily & mental beatitude,” see Texts & Pretexts, p. 114. By the way, the French lady’s remark of volupté reminds one of the following description of perfect art: “Son [Boileau’s] vers voisin de la prose, et qui en était si distinct, ressemble à ces digues de Hollande qui paraissent au niveau de la mer et qui pourtant n’en sont pas inondées” (Sainte-Beuve, Port. Litt., II, p. 98); “To put all that is possible of one’s idea into a form & compass that will contain... so that there will at the end be neither a drop of one’s liquor left nor a hair’s breadth of the rim of one’s glass to spare” (Henry James, quoted in Lowes, Convention & Revolt in Poetry, p. 158).

            P. 48: “The New Academy of Compliments”:  “Sweet Jane, sweet Jane, I love thee wondrous well, / But I’m afraid / Thou’lt die a maid / And so lead apes to hell” etc. Cf. p. 88: William Corkine’s Second Book of Airs: “Away, away! call back what you have said / When you did vow to live & die a maid: / Oh if you knew what chance to them befell / That dance about with bobtail apes in hell, / Yourself your virgin girdle would divide / And put aside the maiden veil that hides / The chiefest gem of nature; & would lie / Prostrate to every peasant that goes by, / Rather than undergo such shame: no tongue can tell / What injury is done to maids in hell.” For other passages on spinsters leading apes in hell, see P. Ansell Robin, Animal Lore in English Literature, pp. 58, 87. For the various pointless tortures met out in hell to girls who lose not their heads & kept their maidenheads in life, see Ploss, Bartels & Bartels, Woman, ed. by E.J. Dingwall, III, p. 405. As if a maidenhead which withers unplucked were not itself a torture![15]

            Pp. 49-50: “A Maiden’s Denial” (from Sportive Wit) in a delightful treatment of the theme of Theocritus, XXVII, “The Lovers’ Talk,” perhaps the most charming of his idyls (The Greek Bucolic Poets, ed. J.M. Edmonds, “The Loeb Classical Library”, pp. 332-344).

            P. 71: “Against Fruition” (from Choice Drollery), cf. supra 第百十五則(一).



二百八十[16]



            謝逸《溪堂集》十卷、《補遺》一卷。無逸詩修潔而弱,幼槃詩奧崛而悶,吹壎吹篪,伯仲之異也。無逸較有清音,《冷齋夜話》、《豫章詩話》所載斷句如「貪夫蟻旋磨,冷官魚上竿」、「狂隨柳絮有時見,舞入梨花何處尋」、「江天春暖晚風細,相逐賣花人過橋蝴蝶」【《事文類聚後集》卷四十八〈蝶〉門引無逸斷句:「身似何郎全傅粉,心同韓壽暗偷香。」《宋詩紀事》卷三十三失采。按此乃歐公〈望江南‧咏江南蝶〉句,「暗」字原作「愛」,《類聚》誤。胡宿《文恭集》卷三〈嘲蝶〉:「雙翅薄勻何晏粉,一身偷帶賈充香。試拂橫床供晝寢,且容幽夢繞清江。」】,整秀非乃弟所及,但不免江西魔道,如卷二〈廣壽寺〉:「學道護心城,養生戒眉斧。」「心城」之說,詳見《出曜經心意品第三十二》:「觀身如空瓶,安心如立城。」《法句經心意品第十一》亦云:「藏六如龜,防意如城。」「眉斧」則用「皓齒蛾眉,伐性之斧」,可謂割裂不通。《晁氏客語》云:「劉器之言富鄭年八十書書座屏云:『守口如瓶,防意如城。』」《癸辛雜識‧別集‧下》謂:「語見《梁武懺》六卷,不知本何經?」《山谷老人刀筆》卷十六〈答賢公座主〉云:「持心如城,守口如瓶,必有相應者矣。」《外集》卷一〈放目亭賦〉:「防心以守國之械,防口以挈瓶之智。」朱子〈敬齋箴〉亦云:「守口如瓶,防意如城。」《法苑珠林》卷四七[17]:「防意如城,守口如瓶。可謂金河遺寄,屬在伊人。」朱子〈敬齋箴〉:「守口如瓶,防意如城。[18]」(參觀《語類》卷一〇五)【Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. II, Sect. III, Mem. VII: “... as a tortoise in his shell... I decline their fury & am safe” (George Bell, II, p. 231); Montaigne, Essais, III, 9, “Pléiade”, p. 944.】【富大用《古今事文類聚外集》卷十三載無逸〈寄洪駒父〉:「翼翼魯泮宮,國士徵無雙,行且立教化,儒風成一邦。」《苕溪漁隱叢話》後集卷十引無逸〈讀李肇國史補〉一文及《藝苑雌黃》駁無逸語,此《集》未收,《補遺》亦失采。】

            卷一〈懷汪信民村居〉:「苔乾石骨瘦,水落溪毛凋。」

        〈遊西塔寺探得王夷甫玉柄麈尾〉:「雖云王謝許,吾老獨不稱。肉緩形頗穢,語拙存真性。但慕杜陵翁,長鑱白木柄。」

            卷三〈別李元中宣德〉:「老鳳垂頭噤不語,古木槎枒噪春鳥。」按同卷〈送高彥應〉云:「小儒百鳥喧春風,大儒老鳳栖梧桐。」

            卷四〈社日〉:「雨柳垂垂葉,風溪細細紋。清歡唯煮茗,美味衹羹芹。飲不遭田父,歸無遺細君。東臯農事作,舉趾待耕耘 。」

            〈寄幼槃〉:「詩成稚子應能誦,酒熟鄰翁漸可邀。」

            卷五〈重陽示萬同德〉:「病懷王子同傾酒,愁憶潘郎共賦詩。」自注:「在京師重陽日與立之飲酒。潘邠老嘗得一句,云:『滿城風雨近重陽』,令予足之。今二公皆捐館,令人心折。」按同卷有三絕句,即以邠老句發端者。

            〈聞幼槃弟歸喜而有作〉:「門前楊柳未藏鴉,溪上櫻桃已著花。午夢覺來聞好語,阿連有信欲還家。」

            〈城南〉:「長恐歸時已閉門,西壇雖好敢盤桓。可憐月夜杉松影,輸與沙鷗野鶴看。」

            〈夏日〉:「竹風烟靜午陰凉,飯罷呼童啟北窗。」

            無逸與覺範友善,詩文中極推重。卷三〈送惠洪上人〉云:「洪師抖擻蔬筍氣,白晝穴我夫子牆。粥魚齋鼓了無礙,坐禪不廢談文章。老師頷之笑不語,壞衲百孔穿寒光。」卷七〈圓覺經皆證論序〉云:「惠洪取其師真淨之說,潤色而成書。理致高妙,造語簡遠,如晉人之工於文,生肇之徒,不足多也。」〈林間錄序〉云:「洪覺範得自在三昧,游戲翰墨場中。呻吟謦頦,皆成文章。口之所談,筆之所錄,兼有樂、潘之美。」〈景德寺應夢羅漢記〉亦記洪範事。《石門文字禪》卷二十七〈跋謝無逸詩〉謂:「黃魯直稱其『老鳳垂頭噤不語』二句,陳瑩中稱其『老師登堂撾大鼓』二句,於無逸集中尚未為絕唱。予謫海外,無逸吾弟超然曰:『吾此生復能見覺範乎?』語不成聲」云云,亦見二人交契之深。





[1]《手稿集》458 頁。
[2]《手稿集》458-61 頁。
[3]「近詩」原作「近詩新詩」。
[4]「第一百七則」有誤。《管子宙合》云:「其處大也不究,其入小也不塞。」
[5] 即下文,見《手稿集》470 頁眉、夾縫。
[6] 此數字無法辨識。
[7]《手稿集》461-5 頁。
[8]mine」原作「my」。
[9]Et si nascose」原作「E si nascose」。
[10] “She arrived a Penelope and departed a Helen.” (Loeb)
[11] 此即《十日談第三日故事第十》「送魔鬼入地獄」一節:“The girl [Alibech], who until then had no experience of putting devils in Hell, felt some pain at this first trial of it; which made her say to Rustico: ‘Father, this Devil must indeed be wicked, and in very sooth an enemy of God, for he hurts Hell itself, let alone other things, when he is put back in it.’... But she, finding that Rustico did not call on her to put the Devil in Hell, said one day: ‘Even though your Devil is punished and no longer troubles you, my Hell gives me no peace. You will do a charity if with your Devil you will quiet the raging of my Hell, as with my Hell I tamed the pride of your Devil.’ To these demands Rustico on a diet of herbs and water could ill respond.”
[12]《螺江日記卷六河間女子傳》:「柳子厚作〈河間女子傳〉本是託詞,然無妄受屈,河間之人奚罪焉?或曰『河間』者『和姦』也,取其音同,故借此二字為題目耳。李德裕門客作《牛羊日錄》以詆牛僧儒、楊虞卿二人,蓋唐人小說習氣如此,然而口孽亦不小矣。」
[13]《手稿集》465-6 頁。
[14]What fool」原作「What a fool」。
[15] 關於「They that die maids, lead apes in hell」一諺,論者多以「猿猴」為「淫亂」之喻。然此諺起於英國宗教改革時期,據此而觀,「猿猴」為僧侶之謔稱,似較可信。
[16]《手稿集》466-8 頁。
[17]「四七」原作「六十」。
[18] 此語重引。