2016年10月29日 星期六

《容安館札記》266~270則



舊鈔本《謝幼槃文集》



二百六十六[1]



            謝薖《謝幼槃文集》十卷。曩於曹氏《宋百家詩存》卷六覩《竹友集》(第二十則),今遂見全豹。著語硬,使事密,雙井之具體而微。肌理緻栗,勝於同輩,而風神秀發處少,蓋詩才不副詩功也。要非洪龜父、李商老所及。

            卷二〈同陳虛中洪駒父登擬峴臺〉云:「莽蒼兩涘間,不辨馬牛風。」按《能改齋漫錄》卷十論洪龜父〈題胡潛風雨山水圖〉「鴻雁書遠空,馬牛風寒草」云:「予於下句全不解。『風馬牛』之『風』,謂不相干也。洪用於此,何哉?」幼槃欲用「去馬來牛」事,趁韻加「風」字,正同此語病。《南澗甲乙稿》卷三〈寄趙德莊〉云:「鳬雁且依水,馬牛還信風。」更不知所云矣。

            卷三〈成德不面逾月和詩奉寄〉:「恨我猶嫌褦襶嘲,不敢熱行唯夢到。」

            卷四〈寄饒次守〉:「我思結茆舍,帶經學農圃。它日如買鄰,定可連牆住。頗聞君卜昏,我亦未有婦。要如子柳子,各娶老農女。東市買杯杓,西市買筐筥。南市買綆缶,北市買甑釡。生理能稍稍,來往辦鷄黍。兩家如有子,男女互嫁娶。」

            卷六〈晝臥〉:「書魔纔挽睡魔推,鼻息俄驚吼怒雷。夢到逍遙大庭館,不堪檐外鳥呼回。」

            〈招汪叔野〉:「夜語僧牕雪載塗,別來夏木又扶蘇。兩牛鳴處地非遠,萬竹陰邊吾所廬。兒能竊聽從忘簟[2],子盍徐行可當車。莫訝南鄰狂處士,摻撾傾坐一軒渠。」

            卷七〈謾成〉:「年來任運學騰騰,愛酒還同醉李僧。痛飲亡何緣客至,時奇不惜遶村行[3]。檐間燕雀新聲好,門外池塘春水生。曉起坐窗無一事,捲書南望見高稜。」

            〈飲酒示座客〉:「身前不吝作蟲臂,身後何須留豹皮。劬勞母氏生育我,造化小兒經紀之。牙籌在手彼為得,塊石支頭吾所師。偶逢名酒輒徑醉,兒童拍手云公痴。」



二百六十七[4]



            袁寒雲《丙寅》、《丁卯日記》各一冊,嘉興劉秉義影印本。記事甚簡略,獨詳載所收集中西貨幣及郵票,此外則狎妓、納妾而已。附詩、詞、聯語頗多,欲為芳馨悱惻,而修詞用自割裂牽強,如〈古歌〉云:「眉比月兮無缺,髮如雲兮勿絕。」夫〈游仙窟〉所謂:「纔舒兩頰,孰疑地上無花;乍出雙眉,漸覺天邊失月」,又云:「眉間月出疑爭夜,頰上花開似鬥春」,皆指彎彎月子眉,正言缺月,「無缺」則圓眉矣。雲散雨絕,未聞「雲絕」也。又如「江樓共遣蕭蕭雨」、「一雨關山未盡藏」之類【義山〈細雨〉云:「楚女當時意,蕭蕭髮彩涼」;賈島〈晚晴見終南諸峯〉云:「半旬藏雨裏」;山谷〈題落星寺〉:「小雨藏山客坐久。」】,皆文理不通,適類其書法之乍視若古媚,細按皆俗筆耳。錄兩事供談助:

            《丙寅日記》四月十六日:「吳縣余仌人,鍼神沈壽之夫也,悲婦為奸徒所奪,撰《痛史》紀之,自號『鸇口孤鶼』。」

            九月十一日:「方地山集句云:『更能消幾番風雨,收拾起大地山河。』」



二百六十八[5]



            《參寥子詩集》十二卷,法穎所編。第八卷有〈示法穎〉,第十二卷有〈用法穎韻寄信上人〉、〈用法穎韻寄詵上人〉,蓋亦其詩弟子也。後山〈序〉(按《後山集》卷十一作〈送參寥序〉)稱為「眉山公之客,少游氏之友」云云,世所共知。至與周濂溪子投分甚密,則人尟道及矣(參觀卷一〈周郎中濂溪〉、卷五〈酬周元翁〉、卷六〈次元翁韻〉、卷八〈同周元翁范明遠西湖夜泛〉、〈和元翁〉,同卷〈規師方外停雲齋〉所稱「居士」亦即元翁也)。參寥詩筆力尚舒展,而命意凡近,下語粗率,惟絕句偶有可采。《朱子語類》卷一百四十云:「覺範詩如何及得參寥?」當緣深薄覺範行事(參觀《語類》卷一百三十八),遂并惡其詩耳。【《攻媿集》卷七十二〈跋參寥詩〉記參寥以東坡門人得罪,竄兗州,坡為之道地於黃師,是黃師以屬之攻媿大父,時方為教授,《集》中所稱「試可」者是也。蘇叔黨《斜川集》卷二〈送參寥師歸錢塘〉云:「作詩爲文盡餘事,勁節凜凜橫九秋。俗子欲交輒掉頭,我友天下第一流。」卷五〈送參寥道人南歸序〉云:「性剛狷不能容物,又善觸忌諱,取憎於世。其徒語參寥子者,必曰是難與處;士大夫語參寥子者,必曰是難與遊。」陸放翁《老學庵筆記》卷七謂:「參寥政和中老矣,還俗而死,不知其故。」】

            卷一〈夏日山居〉:「古徑斜依杉竹,薰風永日無人。噪鵲鳴鳩去後,一聲幽磬南鄰。」「遠壑尚餘殘照,飛蚊已鬧前簷。巢燕歸來何暮,呼童為汝開簾。」

            〈臨平道中〉:「風蒲獵獵弄輕柔,欲立蜻蜓不自由。五月臨平山下路,藕花無數滿汀洲。」按《老學庵筆記》卷二云:「吳幾先嘗言:『五月非荷花盛時,不當云「無數滿汀州」。』廉宣仲云:『此但取句美,若云「六月臨平山下路」,則不佳。』幾先云:『只是君記得熟,故以五月為勝,不然止云六月,亦豈不佳哉?』」

            卷二〈東園〉:「曲渚回塘孰與期?杖藜終日自忘歸。隔林彷彿聞機杼,知有人家住翠微。」按《庚溪詩話》謂:「帛道猷云:『茅茨隱不見,鷄鳴知有人。』秦少游云: 『菰蒲深處疑無地,忽有人家笑語聲。』道潛善于奪胎。」《升菴全集》卷五十五亦引帛道猷〈採藥詩〉謂:「道潛此詩及秦少游『菰蒲深處疑無地,忽有人家笑語聲』皆不及。」

            卷三〈子瞻席上令歌舞者求詩戲以此贈〉:「底事東山窈窕娘,不將幽夢屬襄王。禪心已作沾泥絮,肯逐春風上下狂。」按戴叔倫〈寄禪師寺華上人〉第二首云:「禪心如落葉,不逐曉風顛。」唐僧栖白〈寄南山景禪師〉:「至今寂寞禪心在,任起桃花柳絮風。」皎然〈答李季蘭〉云:「天女來相試,將花欲染衣。禪心竟不起,還捧舊花歸。」參寥可謂點鐵成金。



二百六十九[6]



            陸繼輅《崇百藥齋集》二十卷、《續集》四卷、《三集》十二卷。陽湖派中柯茗、大雲皆不作詩,養一、宛鄰、夫椒胥作而不工。祁孫之才,指當首屈,宜鄉黨尊相推崇也。談藝宗旨散見《合肥學舍札記》,所作語主性靈,然而矜風格、事雕繪、務寄託,貌似俊逸,按之則什九虛聲泛語,轉不如甌北、兩當之不高調却真詣也。文雖學桐城,尚不吞聲結舌。

            卷四〈誰遣〉:「誰遣風吹夢影來,未分明處暫徘徊。二分可能是圓月,一寸重然既死灰。斷飲心情知夜永,易凋顏色怨春催。碧城此去寒應減,看取南枝後放梅。」

            〈悼花詞〉:「絮跡萍踪盡可憐,雕陰深鎖一溪烟。桃花幾日成前度?錯遣崔郎憶去年。

            〈食臘八粥〉:「擬託長鑱無二頃,不堪短鋏到三彈。」

            卷八〈春夜被酒得句輒書〉:「桑陰如幄聽傳呼,煮鶴焚琴事有無。我覺使君終解事,不曾陌上怒羅敷。

            卷十一〈有悟〉:「誰寫蒼茫獨立圖,披圖乍覺此身孤。石崇樓畔田橫島,魂到重泉見得無?」

            〈積雨臥疴口占〉:「光憑晝燭當晴日,藥為荒廚續斷烟。

            〈與魏大倫玉溪生詩作〉,按凡七絕九首,即《合肥學舍札記》卷五「玉溪詩」一則之意,皆附會肊斷語,陽湖派論詩詞習氣也。如云:「眼看河朔感淮西,我識韓碑是借題。苦憶聖皇兼聖相,不關文字重昌黎。」餘仿此。

            卷十六〈記惲子居語〉:「子居讀相人書,自言精其術。余年十九,與子居初相見,遽目余曰:『狀元也。』後七年見子居錢塘,復相之曰:『為臺諫。』比子居罷官歸,乃熟視余曰:『君非仕宦中人,曩相君皆誤。』已而告魏曾容曰:『吾非真能相人也。祁孫少年時,正堪作狀元耳。』」按舒鐵雲《缾水齋詩集》卷四〈毘陵舟次贈別惲子居孝廉〉第一首自注:「惲好讀相人書,多奇中。」

            《續集》卷三〈與吳仲倫書〉:「姬傳續出之文,頗有違心徇人之作,而序王惕甫集為尤甚。足下服姬傳過,當知其言之失,而將蒙不知文之誚也。曲為護前之說,以為反言譏之。夫君子之於文也,惡有所謂反言者哉。」按《惕甫未定稿》卷八〈與姚姬傳先生第二書〉云:「芑孫不幸有傲一世名,顧獨心折於先生。自量所知所能,不足以居先生弟子之列」云云,甘言曲意以媚之,遂得佳評耳。仲倫語見《初月樓文鈔》卷一〈書王惕甫文集〉,以惜抱之譽惕甫比退之之稱樊宗師。《初月樓文續錄》卷一〈復王守靜書之四〉則為祁孫此書而作。

            《三集》卷四〈嶰筠先生與客譚古韻成詩十章見示奉和如數〉,按祁孫頗深於古韻通轉之學。《合肥學舍札記》中屢及之,如此韻第七首云:「凡鳥題門訝客狂,當時古韻未全亡。詩人逸句分明在,不似樊南弄鳳皇。」自注:「義山詩『侍女吹簫引鳳凰』,近有改為『弄鳳』者,云與『驚鸚』作疊韻也。不知『鳳』字『凡』聲。《荀子》引詩『有鳳有凰』,與『心』字為韻。」即《札記》卷十二所云:「近人改義山詩『郎君下筆驚鸚武,侍女吹蕭引鳳皇』為『弄鳳皇』,可笑。《中庸》:『裁者培之,傾者覆之』;『齊莊中正,足以有敬也;文理密察,足以有别也。』皆上句雙聲或疊韻,而下句則否。」

            卷五〈後春陰詩〉第三首自注:「海樹詩:『畫雨畫晴都不似,最難著筆是春陰。』」海樹即劉珊。

            《合肥學舍札》卷二載:「張船山齋中楹帖云:『相見又無話,不來還憶君。』薛畫水玉堂最賞之。」按陳後山《後山詩集》卷十二〈答王立之〉云:「每逢無可語,暫阻即相求。」任天社注:「前輩詩:『相見又無事,不來還憶君。』」船山之聯本此。魏了翁《經外雜鈔》卷一:「前輩云云,後山亦云云,此用阮修『意有所思,率爾褰裳,不避晨夕,至或無言,但忻然相對。』[7]」李山甫〈秋日訪同人〉:「見後卻無語,別來長獨愁。」項斯〈荊州夜與友親相遇〉:「別來何限意,相見卻無詞。」洪芻《老圃集》卷上〈戲用荊公體呈黄張二君〉:「只願無事常相見,有底忙時不肯來。」卷下〈次韻謝無逸送謝幼槃〉:「相逢草草來何暮,索去匆匆有底忙?」



二百七十[8]



            Edmund Gosse & Thomas J. Wise, ed., Letters of A.C. Swinburne (N.Y.: John Lane Co.).

            Vol. I, p. 8: “The British Museum copy (entered in the wildest way in that slough of a catalogue).” Gordon N. Ray, The Letters & Private Papers of W.M. Thackeray, II, p. 651: “The accommodation [of the Bibliothèque Nationale] is so entirely inferior to that which the British Museum gives us: that comparisons are quite out of the question”

            P. 181: “Whatever may be Mr Emerson’s merits, to talk of his poetry seems to me like talking of the scholarship of a child who has not learnt his letters” etc.; p. 213: “Les oeuvres d’Emerson me sont tres peu con nues, et, je dois vous l’avouer, assez peu sympathiques”; 225: “Has the man never looked into a ‘crib’ of Pindar? say, Bohn’s crib, in which Mr Emerson gets up his Plato?” Evan Charteris, The Life & Letters of Edmund Gosse, p. 132: “Emerson had visited England soon after the publication of Poems and Ballads. In an interview with a journalist he was reported to have said things about the volume which gave deep offence to Swinburne. Swinburne wrote a mild protest, saying he felt sure that Emerson could not have used the words attributed to him. No reply was received. Swinburne was incensed. Some time afterwards... Gosse learnt that Swinburne had again written to him. He said, ‘I hope you said nothing rash.’ ‘Oh no... I kept my temper, I preserved my equanimity... I called him a wrinkled & toothless baboon who, first hoisted into notoriety on the shoulders of Carlyle, now spits & sputters on a filthier platform of his own finding & fouling.’ The letter like its predecessor received no answer”,可參觀。

            P. 184: “A lady Swinburne bore 30 children to one husband.” Ploss, Bartels & Bartels, Woman, ed. E.J. Dingwall, II, pp. 365-6 Dorothea 二胎二十子,Barbara Schmutzerin 十八胎五十三子,惜未引此事。II, p. 48 Middleton: “an artificial maid, a doctored virgin”,亦見 Swinburne, II, p. 221,皆論 Stead: “The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon” (載於 The Pall Mall Gazette) 也。

            Pp. 188-9 personal God”,見第百四十九則。

            P. 211: “Poeticules who decompose into criticasters”,此自引 Under the Microscope 中語,蓋本之 Dryden, Dedication of Third Miscellany: “Thus the corruption of the poet is the generation of a critic” (Essays of John Dryden, ed. W.P. Ker, II, p. 2)Ker 注僅云 Pope, Landor, Disraeli 皆仿此語 (Ibid., p. 275),而不知其用字之本古生物學也。Aristotle, Hist. anima., V, 551a 論昆蟲化生;Meleager 云蜂出於牛屍 (the bees that the bull’s carcase generates) (The Greek Anthology, IX. 363, “The Loeb Classical Library”, tr. by W.R. Paton, III, p. 197)Virgil, Georg., IV, 284-314 言殺牛陳其屍,腐則化蜂 (quoque modo caesis iam saepe iuvencis / Insincerus apes tulerit cruor) (Virgil, tr. by H.R. Fairelough, “The Loeb Classical Library”, I, p. 216)。亦如《化書》所謂「自無情之有情」,如「朽麥化為蝴蝶」、「朽瓜化為魚」等;陸龜蒙〈奉酬襲美苦雨見寄〉所謂「茅茨裛爛簷生衣,夜夜化爲螢火飛。螢飛漸多屋漸薄,一注愁霖當面落」也。《倘湖樵書初編》卷五「植物兼動物」條列舉尤詳。【《焦氏筆乘續》卷三載佛典引《韓詩外傳》逸文:「老筐為雀,老蒲為葦。」干寶〈陰陽自然變化論〉云稻成蛬,麥成蛺蝶(《荊楚歲時記》、《太平御覽》卷二十三、《埤雅釋蟲》引)。】Bacon, Of the Colours of Good and Evil 引古語云:“corruptio unius, generatio alterius” (Works, ed. Spedding, Ellis & Heath, XIII, p. 288); Ben Johnson, Magnetic Lady, II, iii: “Sir the corruption of one thing is the generation of another”; Overbury[9], Characters: “A Prisoner”: “The corruption of a bankrupt is commonly the generation of this creature”; Ronsard, Épitaphe de François Rabelais: “Si d'un mort qui pourri repose / Nature engendre quelque chose, / Et si la generation / Se fait de la corruption”; Shackerley Marmion, Holland’s Leaguer, V, iii, ll. 3-4: “The corruption of a cashiered serving-man / Is the generation of a thief” (George Saintsbury, Minor Poets of the Caroline Period, II, p. 4, note).

            Vol. II, pp. 174-5: “Now, on pp. 322-3 of the Q.R. there is an oversight infinitely graver, which in your place I certainly could not refrain from exposing to public ridicule... Whence a reader, neither captious nor malevolent, might very naturally infer & very allowably assert that the reviewer believes The Agamemnon & The Persae to be the work of Sophocles.” 按此指 J. Churton Collius: “English Literature at the Universities” (Quarterly Review, no. 326),言Collins 好吹毛索瘢,而己亦不免小舛錯。W.L. Phelps, Autobiography, p. 179: “To write Jacques is not only to give the wrong name, but to attack Shakespeare’s rhythm. Yet in a work by that arch-corrector of other men, the late J. Churton Collins, I found Jacques,又 Sir Edward Cook, Literary Recreations, pp. 313-4,皆可與此節參觀。

            P. 224: “I should very much like to see the play of Euripides which contains five hundred consecutive lines that could be set against as many of mine!” 按與 Lessing, Hamburgische Dramaturgie: “Man nenne mir das Stück des grossen Corneille, welches ich nicht besser machen wollte” (J.G. Robertson, Lessing’s Dramatic Theory, p. 241)[10] ……。





[1]《手稿集》447-8 頁。
[2]「簟」原作「箄」。
[3]「奇」原作「穿」,「惜」原作「借」。
[4]《手稿集》448-9 頁。
[5]《手稿集》449-50 頁。
[6]《手稿集》450-2 頁。
[7]「至或」原作「或至」。
[8]《手稿集》452-4 頁。
[9]Overbury」原作「Overbery」。
[10] 原文中斷於此。

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