2018年2月15日 星期四

《容安館札記》561~565則

許承堯〈疑盦詩序〉



五百六十一[1]



            徐鹿卿《清正存稿》六卷。德夫循吏名儒,詩、文多理學語,殊苦鈍腐。

           卷六〈聞鴉有感〉:「鵲羣饒舌本何功,鴉陣狂言却似忠。聞鵲忻然鴉輒唾,甘諛易售古來同。」自注:「《容齋續筆》言北人以烏喜而鵲為凶。」按《容齋續筆》卷三云:「北人以烏聲為喜,鵲聲為非,南人反是。《北齊書》:『奚永洛與張子信對坐,有鵲鳴於庭樹。子信曰:「鵲言不善。」』白樂天在江州〈答元郎中楊員外喜烏見寄〉(《白氏文集》卷十)、元微之〈大嘴烏〉皆言烏報喜。」又按《范香溪先生集》卷八〈雜興之四〉云:「鵲噪得歡喜,烏鳴得憎嗔。烏鵲自有口,噪鳴何預人?」梅聖俞〈靈烏賦〉(參觀《石林燕語》謂是為范希文作)。《旴江集》卷三十六〈聞喜鵲〉云:「生平智力可料度,有巢往往輸鳴鳩。天然却會報人喜,愚兒幼婦唯爾求。萬聲千噪幾曽驗,聞者終是軒眉頭。從來烏鳥愛反哺,孝慈情性誰可儔。其間於事最先見,告人凶禍令人憂。告之愈驗愈見惡,共云灾患鵶之由[2]。忠言逆耳世罕用,屬鏤曾割伍員喉。莫笑後來司馬公,事事稱好真良謀。」《宛陵集》卷六十〈靈烏賦〉云:「事將兆而獻忠,人反謂爾多凶。」《雪坡舍人稿》卷二十〈烏鵲吟〉云:「鵲噪人所憐,烏啼人所唾。謂鵲能報喜,謂烏常送禍。烏啼鵲噪何必然,孰爲此者皆其天。預占禍至使人避,比鵲以烏烏更賢。欲忠於人反嗔己,喜諛惡直常如此。君不見九齡去國林甫相,崇侯得君比干死。」張籍〈烏夜啼引〉:「知是官家有赦書。」《圖書集成禽蟲典》卷二十三引《雪濤談叢‧華陽王味一》:「王味一言:『喜鵲鳴噪,人聞之而喜,故以喜名。鴉鳴,聞者皆惱,應名惱鴉,世從老字,非也。』」王逢原《廣陵集》卷十一〈鴉鳴〉:「自顧主人無敗德,豈嫌爾口有凶聲。」《秋崖小稿》卷二十九〈二禽〉云:「茅簷新雨晴,鵲聲弄圓嗉。主人顔色歡,甘諛終不悟。禍常十八九,鴉故告之故。城頭尾畢逋,唾者滿行路。佞鵲不我忤,忠鴉不我誤。」《五燈會元》卷十二浮山法遠章次:「鵲不得喜,鴉不得殃。」清乾嘉時吾鄉周鎬《犢山詩稿》卷一〈救鴉行〉亦謂鵲佞而鴉忠直。《薛浪語集‧信烏賦》:「南人喜鵲而惡烏,北人喜烏而惡鵲。南北更相笑,而無有訂焉。於是南人以北人好惡為正」(《永樂大典》卷二千三百四十五「烏」字)。

            〈送周幹〉:「雖然刖足終全璞,尚有知音莫斷絃。」



五百六十二[3]



            姚勉《雪坡舍人集》五十卷。【又一百九十則、四百八十六則。】述之詩為江湖體之近晚唐者,駢文矜屬對,古文亦疏雅,要之皆輕快有思致,而失之格卑語滑。詩及四六好用本朝典故,正是一例。為相士、卜人所作詩文尤多,觀其胸中,每未消「狀元」二字,則於方術之存而信之,恐未可引朱子自解也(參觀第四百八十一則)。《文山集》卷一亦多為星相人作詩,前後兩狀元如出一轍,《翰墨大全》壬集卷八載任翔龍〈沁園春‧贈談命許丈〉所謂「重逢處,辦一封好紙,覓狀元詩」是也。述之及第,作〈賀新郎〉云:「動龍顏,人立班頭玉,臚首唱,眾心服。……九街人,盡道蒼生福。爭擁入,狀元局。」

            卷十一〈花下聞鶯〉:「吹花不起午風輕,懶絮閒絲颺暖晴。詩料滿前收不盡,海棠花下又聞鶯。」

            〈催海棠〉:「把酒叮嚀囑海棠,睡紅何似未忺粧。不嫌老杜吟無句,定為淵材恨少香。[4]

            卷十三〈登北高峯〉:「好峯多佛占,人世只僧閒。」

            〈放生池納涼晚歸〉:「鐘聲連寺答,人語隔船聞。」

            〈道傍水閣〉:「噪晚鴉寒甚,窺魚鷺瘦生。」

            〈丈室〉:「蕭然丈室虛,彷彿似僧居。影與身為伴,琴和鶴也無。飯時三種菜,香畔一函書。不似僧家處,曇曇鬢髮疎。」

            〈和葛德遠〉:「脫兔驚罝逸,潛魚畏餌逃。山林聊復爾,湖海可曾豪。藥笑多方誤,棋嗟不著高。且須隨野鹿,共此食苹蒿。」

            卷十四〈觀畫竹〉:「外間盾日正相仇,忽有清風起筆頭。坐對不知三伏熱,起行如與七賢遊。洗空京洛塵埃氣,化作江南水石秋。我有一溪恰如此,因君思去理扁舟。」

            〈送陳縣尉之太和新任〉:「好向盤根試利器,如登熟路著先鞭。可知豈患無知己,自愛應能不愛錢。」

            〈道中積雨〉:「楮賤米窮嘗世味,風餐露宿鍊官。」

            〈贈俊上人雪崖〉:「雪崖來覓雪坡詩,崖險坡平雪總宜。每羨僧房聞竹折,終強俗客聽窗知。巖收泉竇無聲溜,石壓梅花側出枝。到了紅爐融一片,須還門外尺深時。」按卷十八〈題雪巖胡則潛詩卷首〉云:「君有雪巖余雪坡,坡中雪少巖雪多。試將二雪平章看,坡中雪比巖如何?(中略)雪無彼此只一家,玉堂茅舍何等差。紅爐一片會真趣,藩籬剖破非封蝸。雪堂仙伯騎鯨去,天台雪巢復何處。與君分釣雪江寒,同唱孤舟蓑笠句。[5]」與此篇同意略同。卷三十七有〈贈俊上人詩序〉、〈再題俊上人詩集〉兩篇。

            〈題道士碧潭〉:「山將螺髻堆銅鏡,月借玻璃現玉盤。[6]

            卷十五〈次韻黃東野德明〉:「敲氷燒葉煮鎗旗,一笑平生識面遲。道上孔程傾蓋日(用《子華子》),酒邊賀白解貂時。飽參霽月光風趣,似讀晴烟暖霧詩。甚欲為雲從上下,只愁龍去渺無期。」

            〈和張公望苦熱〉:「火傘停空更不移,此身如著甑中炊。蠅方附熱爭投案,蟬欲追涼別過枝。靜話竹窗煎雪浪,倦投水館臥風漪。渠儂箇底休嫌熱,聞道瀘南正出師。」

            卷十七〈送廬陵郭〉。按五言排律,誤編入五古。

            卷二十一〈贈玉生〉七古自跋云:「馮京曾醉題角妓股上一聯云:『玉體貼懷香勝玉,酥胸到手滑於酥。』妓遂雕繡之,後京為狀元,再過其家,題一絕云:『氷肌滑潤帶微紅,戲寫羲之舊筆蹤。血色羅裙巧遮掩,不煩他日碧紗籠。』」與《能改齋漫錄》卷十四載馮當世〈答伯庸〉詩皆可補《宋詩記事》卷十八。

            卷二十二〈上丞相吳履齋啟〉:「荊公除官而每辭,不辭掌制,晦翁侍講而不受,願受說書。觀其進退之間,居然真偽之辨。」

            〈見侍郎江古心啟〉:「先後進貴乎相須,師弟子難於兩遇。歐陽公放出頭地,必東坡而後然;陳履常敬為瓣香,非南豐則不可。」

            〈見秘監洪恕齋啟〉:「有先進以為之先,使小者得成其小。」

            卷二十五〈回張生去華求詩序啟〉:「銜鼠璞為燕玉,寧取信與荊和;譽嫫母為西施,但可欺於師曠。一經品題,固作佳士。茍輕許可,比亦妄人。與其稱三好以誤其一生,孰若效寸長以補其尺短。貴乎工不貴乎多,求其傳豈求其序。僕無敢僭,子有餘師。」

            卷三十七〈月崖前集序〉:「天髙月小,寒影在地。水澈淨如鏡,魚畏寒不復出。獨梅影在水間。」

            〈月崖近集序〉:「五言如『睡鳬從水漾,乾葉聽風移。』」

            〈黃瑞可詩序〉:「余獨愛其〈窄室〉之詩曰:『地才容膝可,天似處心寬。』」按此卷諸〈詩序〉學楊誠齋體甚似,所摘句聯均可補《宋詩紀事》。



五百六十三[7]



            Jottings:

            Alexander Abingdon’s three collections of “boners” guaranteed to be genuine howlers made by real schoolboys, desperately trying to make teachers ignorant of their ignorance, contain many excellent examples of native wit wrestling with mother-tongue (or “stepmother-tongue” in the case of immigrants). Some of them can rank among the best specimens of “penmanship” and are as amusing as “e[a]tymology” or “e[a]tiquette”, “were-wolf”, etc. which are given dictionary status in Barry & Van den Bark[8], American Thesaurus of Slang. They constitute what the German aestheticians call lächerlichen Irrtum (cf. Kuno Fischer, Über den Witz, S. 87 fol.) or unfreiwillige Witz (Johannes Volkelt, System der Ästhetik, II, S. 514). I should like to call them nit-witticisms.

            “A mayor is a he horse” (Boners); cf. The Freshman’s Spelling Book: “Mare, a kind of horse; Mayor, a kind of ass.”

            “M.D. signifies ‘mentally deficient’” (Ibid.); cf. E.J. Trelawny, Adventures of a Younger Son, ch. 8: “M.D. means ‘Man Destroyers’”, & Hamish Maclaren, Cockalorum, p. 210: “Certificate: M.D. — ‘Many Deaths’.”

            “Voici l’Anglais avec son sang-froid habituel: Here comes the Englishman with his usual bloody cold” (Ibid.); cf. Osbert Sitwell, The Scarlet Tree (The Reprint Society), p. 315: “It seems possible that the cold is an English invention... In the 18th century foreigners seem to have been much struck with this feature of English life. Thus Mozart’s father called it ‘a kind of English complaint’ (The Letters of Mozart & His Family, tr. by Emily Anderson, I, 72-4)”. & Memoirs of Casanova, tr. by Arthur Machen, IV, p. 155: “The disease [constipation] got me compliments in Russia... & I found it in such esteem that I did not dare to complain. The same kind of thing happened to me at Constantinople, when I was complaining of a cold in the head in the presence of a Turk, was thinking, I could see, that a dog of a Christian was not worthy of such a blessing.”

            “Mediaeval cathedrals were supported by flying buttocks” (More Boners)[9]; cf. T.L.S., July 10, 1954, p. 484: “By 1924, flatness is all, & thanks to elastic The Queen celebrates ‘the hips that passed in the night’... During the war the official term ‘mobile woman’ caused some merriment.” “Mobile woman’, however, has nothing to do with fashion or the cut of clothes, as can be seen from the following passage in Henry Green, Back, p. 86: “Now that her mum was evacuated, Nance came under the heading of mobile labour, which is to say that... she could be sent anywhere in England... The country was so short of mobile women.” As to “e[a]tymology” of The Thousand Nights & One Night, tr. P. Mathers, II, p. 766, Jūdar to the Moor: “Eating is my one accomplishment & sole delight. I flatter myself I eat rather well.”

            “Heat expands: in the summer the days are longer. Cold contracts: in the winter the days are shorter” (Still More Boners). Cf. Heine’s witty evasive reply when Signora Lätizia, “eine fünfzigjährige junge Rose” asked, “Und wie alt halten Sie mich?”: “Stammelte ich... dass ich das Verhältnis der italienischen Jahre zu den deutschen noch nicht zu berechnen wisse. — Ist der Unterschied gross? frug Signora Lätizia — Das versteht sich, antwortete ich ihr, da die Hitze alle Körper ausdehnt, so sind die Jahre in dem warmen Italien viel länger als in dem kalten Deutsdiland” (Reisebilder, III, ii, Kap. 6; Gesam. Werke, hrsg. G. Karpeles, III, S. 282).

            J.A. Symonds, Wine, Women & Song, p. 30: “A Volkslied, once created, becomes common property. It flies abroad like thistledown.” A very picturesque simile. But F. Zimmermann[10], Über den Begriff des Epos, S. 18 speaks of the communal authorship of the folk-epic as “eine in der Luft der Zeit fahrende Influenza”, which in its way is also quite expressive.

            Longus, Daphnis & Chloe, tr. by George Thornley, revised & augmented by J.M. Edmonds, Bk. I, ch. 16: Daphnis: “If kissing is toward, you may come at my lips, but his [Dorco’s] kiss is a thing of hairs & bristles” (“The Loeb Classical Library”, p. 35). Cf. Kipling, Soldiers Three, “The Gatsbys”: “Being kissed by a man who didn’t wax his moustache was — like eating an egg without salt”; The Thousand Nights & One Night, tr. P. Mathers, II, p. 522: “‘How can you bear the roughness of your lover's beard when you kiss him? Surely it must scratch your breasts, & the points of his moustaches stick into your lips & cheeks?’... ‘You are a fool... Do you not know that tree is only beautiful when it has leaves, & a cucumber only savoury when it is coarse & pimpled on the outside?” etc.

            M.A. DeWolfe Howe, Barrett Wendell & His Letters, p. 101: “Saintsbury is a conventional Englishman with a very red nose.” Cf. the amusing account in Marguerite Steen, William Nicholson, p. 140: “The famous portrait of Professor Saintsbury was painted in unpropitious circumstances: a tiny, crowded room, & William crushed against a window, to get as far as possible from his subject, & from the famous Saintbury nose. It was a nose of vintage & came near to defeating William, to whom truth is all, but his sense of chivalry almost equally sensitive. He hit at last on the brilliant idea of treating the nose like a Still Life.”



五百六十四[11]



            許承堯《疑盦詩》六卷。際唐〈自序〉謂:「初愛李賀、溫庭筠,繼由韓、杜窺陶、阮,於宋取陳與義、梅堯臣,無偏嗜,故無偏肖」云云,然按其意度格調,實出龔自珍、譚嗣同、黃遵憲。謀篇立喻時參西法,好言哲理,每類《飲氷室詩話》所標舉之體。特澤古尚深,雖偶不免於浮囂,如甲卷〈歲暮詞〉之類,而大多思新語秀,亦一作手。

            甲卷〈千旋〉:「千旋百轉不能合,之字江流左右山。暮暮朝朝凝睇久,可堪腸斷與回環。」按《天真閣外集》卷一〈大家〉第二首云:「心如江漢交流水,夢在羅浮合體山。」Cf. Coleridge, “Christabel”: “They stood aloof, the scars remaining, / Like cliffs which had been rent asunder; / A dreary sea now flows between”; Aleardi, Lettere à Maria, I: “Sono due verdi isolette vicine... divise per grande abisso... Si guardai! sempre e non si torca mai.”

            〈富春舟中作〉:「星繁月未出,秋老蛩猶鳴。天水白浩浩,動搖羈旅情。牀頭生慧光,照見肝膈螢。九天與九淵,神思莽縱橫。最後併一絲,不欲他緒縈。一絲去冥冥,幽曲通文櫺。界帷蘭釭色,撼枕銀漏聲。輕烟如縠羅,漾此魂亭亭。形魄不足道,所貴惟心靈。」按參觀同卷〈夢痕〉第三首云:「萬緒千絲歧復歧,澆愁種淚漸成荑。夢中亦自懸孤照,盡芟愛花橫出枝。」

            〈茫茫〉:「茫茫大宇青無倪,眾星眾星人命之。造作名字妄可嗤,我策電光作龍騎。遊行一一周無遺,就中萬象羅恢奇。人自造身傳以皮,以意巧構耳目施。必盡其用位置宜,能以夢交以魂怡。傳情導愫瞬息知,無老病死無別離。無憂恐懼無嗔癡,有鶴麟鳳無蛟螭。草樹能笑花能啼,各有口舌心肝脾。玉能生煖珠能輝,能變雨露霜雪曦。著翅可泳著翼飛,屏去一切羅網羈。莊嚴未許人間窺,戔戔我宅圓如規。滄海一滴野一稊。歸來抱影誰娛嬉。」按參觀同卷〈夢痕〉第一首云:「恒衛周天億萬星,是何世界碧冥冥。夢中一夕曾游徧,寶樹琪花總有情。」

            〈文殊院〉第二首:「雄風破空來,驅雲蹋天走。驚濤悸心目,奔石落肩肘。羣峯易其次,倏忽分見否。見如舟出峽,一閃復無有。掉頭偶不虞,雲氣咽滿口。老松與風戰,如人競張手。百撐不一折,頗恃鱗甲厚。山靈顧憐之,鏖鬥不使久。吾徒飯未畢,旭日已窺牖。」

            〈夢痕〉。按大似《老殘遊記》第九章黃龍子詩第三首(「情天慾海足風波,渺渺無邊是愛河。引作園中功德水,一齊都種曼陀羅」)之體。

            乙卷〈居北久始筦日用識物價瑣屑戲作〉:「慚愧公羊說餅師,嗒然隱几世誰知。茶聲蟹眼初生後,竈火羊頭欲爛時。漂麥任從蒙叟笑,乞醯防被尾生欺。摩挲阿堵論千偏,愛汝真應劇女兒。」

            〈夜坐〉:「涼心細如髮,微逗一蟬知。」

            〈素袷〉:「海底盲魚羞見日,繭中死蛹夢為蛾。」

            丙卷〈冰畫北地嚴寒明窗夜氣冱作碎氷曉起視之天然成畫〉:「倏忽虛無境,迷離山水情。」按《古今談概》卷三十四記:「氷霜所結,有天畫之稱。」德語謂之 “Eisblumen”,英語 “ice-fern”, “ice-flowers” (K. Spalding & K. Brooke, A Historical Dictionary of German Figurative Usage, p. 617)。【張蔭桓《鐵畫樓詩續鈔》卷下〈晨牕積凍戲為短詠〉:「玻瓈積凍如秋崧,人事究竟輸天工。根葉分明備匽仰,畫意直可超南宗。……寒熱擊薄氣不解,遂作粉本嗟奇逢。從兹望眼殊朦朧,池邊孤絕枯蘆叢。花鴨無聲老鴉遁,窗欞時有一隙通。」】【Art trouvé.

            〈莊嚴寺〉:「鐘磬不喧處,柏氣青冥冥。(中略)殘僧蟄廡下,飯罷知誦經。聞根偶相會,幽鳥三兩聲。」

            〈一念〉:「長天碧如磁,不著一痕滓。孤情未飛動,鮮潔漲素紙。人聲夜來寂,玉笛偏在耳。東南與西北,役我魂萬里。茫茫有啼笑,顧影成坐起。百年亦云勞,一念乃如此。」

            丁卷〈由蘭州赴京師途中雜詩〉:「古道修如蛇,枯楊禿如拳。頑山如橐駝,坐臥夕陽邊。

            「山瘠如病僧,童童淨無樹。僧衣摺疊紋,細碎羊羣路。

            〈華州道中〉:「披拂西風萬柳黃,關山彌目貯蒼涼。計時無術回涼燠,摶夢隨心作短長。宦味颯如秋後葉,酒悲驚點鬢邊霜。強持皮骨供奔走,側帽停鞭過夕陽。」

            〈方圃夜坐〉:「老樹一庭靜,凝然生夏寒。窺情上微月,搖影似輕瀾。永夜成孤憶,明星耐久看。此心何處著,濃夢已徐闌。」

            戊卷〈四度入隴〉:「為赴殘棋收局急,最憐一飯報人難。

            〈夜半經六盤山下大壑〉:「夜半真成墮指寒,重裘被體似輕紈。停車四顧茫無物,陰壑深深月一丸。」

            〈夏官營旅夜〉:「破屋霜嚴隙有棱,夜深爚火自敲氷。酒潮起伏凌方寸,壁影蒼涼斂一燈。橫榻枕衾寒欲語,填胸親愛夢難應。年年與我真相守,縛竹編蘆賸此幐。」



五百六十五[12]



            劉辰翁《須溪集》十卷,《豫章叢書》本。詩、文遺漏甚多,如〈簡齋集序〉、〈湖山類稿序〉、致許月卿二〈書〉(《先天集附錄上》)、及《元詩選三集‧甲集》所載〈題蘇李泣別圖〉(「事已矣,泣何為。蘇武節,李陵詩。噫!」亦見《輟耕錄》卷五)等詩,四庫館臣均未補入。揭文安作〈傅與礪詩集序〉云:「劉會孟嘗序余族兄以直詩,其言曰:詩欲離欲近;夫欲離欲近,如水中月,如鏡中花」云云,此序《集》亦不存(《揭文安集》亦不存〈傅詩序〉,勞格《讀書雜識》卷十二《揭文安集》補遺目中有之,又《文安集》卷八〈吳清寧文集序〉云:「廬陵代為文獻之邦,自歐公起而天下為之歸,須溪作而江西為之變。……須溪衰世之作也,然其評詩,數百年之間,一人而已」云云,蓋標舉辰翁遠在胡元瑞之前),其說則分明滄浪餘緒也。《永樂大典》卷九百六〈詩〉字引劉須溪集〈韋蘇州詩序〉稱其「似不著一字,坐見魂銷。復在比興之外,豈可以心力為之。含情欲訴,乃在數字之後。後來非無富健如古文,痛快如口語者。亦猶唐書瘦硬,宋帖跌宕,望而可愛,然去八法愈遠」云云,亦與滄浪論詩相印。又按勞格《讀書雜識》卷十二補〈尚書纂傳序〉(通志堂本)、〈韻會序〉、〈簡齋集序〉、〈嗣漢三十六代天師簡齋張真人墓志銘〉(《隱居通議》卷十六)、〈平福堂記〉(《游志續編》),刪〈挽朱文公〉、〈挽蔡西山〉二詩(曾極作,見《濂洛風雅》)。此本無〈平福堂記〉、〈挽朱、蔡〉詩。然《隱居通議》卷十六尚載辰翁〈藥王贊〉(「左畔龍樹王望龍,右畔孫真人騎虎,惟有藥王屹立於其中,不龍不虎,獨與犬爲伍,不知何故」,參觀劉侗《帝京景物略》卷三〈藥王廟〉云:「韋慈藏左將一丸,右蹲黑犬,人稱『藥王』也」;貫休〈寄四明閭丘道士之二〉云:「好共禪師好,常將藥犬行」;《翻譯名義集菩薩別名篇第六阿迦雲》:「此云藥王,《本草序》云:『醫王子性韋名古,字老師,元是疎勒國得道人也。身被毳袍,腰懸數百葫蘆,頂戴紗巾,手持藜杖,常以一黑犬同行,壽年五百餘歲。洎開元中,孟夏之月,有人疾患,稍多疼困,……普施藥餌,無不痊平。後乃圖形供養,皇帝敬禮為藥王菩薩』」)。卷十七尚載辰翁〈題本朝列聖遺像〉一文,此本亦漏却。明葉秉敬《書肆說鈴》卷下載辰翁〈韻會序〉,而評之曰:「須溪注解《莊子》甚奇,故下筆大類《莊子》」,又評:「批唐詩甚妙,故下筆大有詩意。」陳眉公《晚香堂小品》卷九〈劉須溪評點九種書序〉。劉將孫《養吾齋集》卷二十六載須溪〈與黃敬軒鏞帖〉。會孟議論造微,而自運不能脫江湖派習氣。文分兩種:大篇欲逕法蒙莊之恢詭恣肆,不屑如他人之僅以大蘇自域,而乏奇思逸趣,遂成拈弄糾纏;小品欲學《世說》之簡隽真率,徒落碎纖,兼尺牘批尾之習。二者皆落黃涪翁後塵,而導明人先路。其論詩手眼,已見《談藝錄》矣。《援鶉堂文集》卷二〈跋劉須溪集〉云:「晚宋之人以晦昧、糾繞、詰屈、漫羨為奇,而刊本字句又復訛脫」,又云:「往見前明人文字有類此者,總之俗體」云云,與余意合。【《王季重十種‧雜序世說新語序》云:「小摘短拈,冷提忙點。牙室利靈,筆顛老秀。小史中之徐夫人。須溪貢評,以郭解莊,雅韻獨妙。」】【孫過庭《書譜》論右軍晚年書云:「不激不厲,而風規自遠。」諸君皆激厲而不能遠者也。】【元陳櫟《勤有堂隨錄》謂劉辰翁父喪七年不除,好怪近名(見《四庫提要總目》卷一百二十二)。】【須溪名本龍鬚山下溪來,見盧召弓《龍城札記》卷二。】【汪苕文《鈍翁前後類稿》卷四十七〈題劉須谿評班馬異同〉云:「淺陋無識,真兒童之見不若也(舉〈李將軍傳〉為例)。」】【《蛾術編》卷七十八駁《元詩選甲集》謂須溪年十七受業陸象山之說。】【賀黃公《載酒園詩話》卷一有論劉辰翁評詩。】【《元文類》惟卷八錄辰翁〈春晴〉二絕句。】【《元詩選甲集》載須溪〈文姬歸漢圖〉七古最佳,結云:「天南地北有歸路,四海九州無故人。」蒼摯悲涼,世味已徹中邊,苦語足折心骨。《梅磵詩話》卷上載曾季貍〈秦女吟〉小序引秦少游女題壁詩云:「眼前雖有還鄉路,馬上曾無放我情」,亦此意,而遜其雅健。李太白詩「大道如青天,我獨不得出」相形亦唐大而乏親切。參觀 Goethe, Faust, Margaret 不肯出獄事。】

            卷一〈大梵寺記〉:「入於僧房,則秋屏黯然,小窗欄楯,容數客止,而西山在焉,忽焉如登丘。出於屋極,又如幻維摩臂,取諸江外,何其蒼然几案間也。」

        〈善寂大城記〉:「余謝曰:奚病?病而病,病乃益病也。」

            卷六〈松聲詩序〉:「聲皆出於自然為籟,而有小有大,若近若遠,或離或合,高下變態,磅礴恣肆者,未有若夫松之為聲也。夫其為聲也,疎疎、密密、多多,少亦若多。其徐徐而來也,如解亦如襲。大如驚,沛如决,勃如變色。洶乎如浙江之潮,而未嘗絕也。混乎其昆陽之戰,迫奔北偪北而不知其所止也。隱乎其天瓢之既吸,而阿香之已遠也。其負重而休也耶?其再解再合,而勝者敗者皆不可知耶?泉也,得之山石之間,有其雄,有其悲,有其頓挫,而無其韻。若竹之為物,則非無其韻也,則亦如優孟學孫叔敖,俯仰談笑皆似,而疎髯不類。」

            〈長沙李氏詩序〉:「陸放翁詩萬首,今日入關,明日出塞,渡河踐華,皆如昔人想見狼居胥、伊吾北。有志無時,載馳載驅,夢語出狂,徒以資今人馬上之一笑。然今人馬上萬里,復少此。此曹氏父子所以英雄冠絕,傲睨風塵之表。」

            〈趙仲仁詩序〉:「劉後村倣《初學記》,駢儷為書,左旋右抽,用之不盡,至五、七言名對亦出於此。然終身不敢離尺寸,遂欲古詩少許自獻,如不可得。」按餘論「文人之詩」語,見《談藝錄》四十一頁,可與同卷〈辛稼軒詞序〉參觀[13]

            〈不平鳴詩序〉:「亙古今之不平者,無如天人者,有所不平,則求直於人,則求直於有位者,則求直於造物,能言故也。若天之視下也,其不平有甚於我,有甚於我而不能自言,故其極為烈風,為迅雷,為山崩石裂,水涌川竭。」

            〈送人入燕序〉:「往時吾州去行朝,千七百里,長亭短堠如畫,衢、信之間,華堂逆旅,髙屋蓋道,憩車繫馬,不見晴雨,列肆青樓,倚門成市,行者如織。然塲屋之老人,山林之退士,有終身不出邱井,聞東上而笑。今燕臺萬里,而又塵沙暑汗,野無流泉,苦寒裂膚,通薪後爨。謁選者羣千百滿,年歳固有,僥倖非常,而流落者尤不少。顧鄉里小兒,白身徒步,如蠅附驥,如隔牆取果,如維摩臂見異國舉津津焉。」

            〈陳生詩序〉:「詩在㶚橋風雪中驢子上,非也。鳥啼花落,籬根小落,斜陽牛笛,鷄聲茅店,時時處處,妙意皆可拾得。然此猶涉假借,若平生父子、兄弟、家人、鄰里間,意愈近而愈不近,著力政難。即名家亦或一二語而止[14],如東野『慈母手中線』、『歸書但云安』,太白『昨夜棃園雪,弟寒兄不知』,后山『歸近不可忍』。」

            卷七〈答劉英伯書〉:「今人高韓文,亦其自稱道特甚,在唐人眾多中最甚達,若循其意之所欲言,言適盡意,亦不過如時文止耳。間有數句費人講說,及得其用意,槩不得不爾。又非如子雲輩數數可厭,為遁詞,為蔽意,終亦不得為奇耳。然亦未得如歐、蘇,歐、蘇坦然如肺肝相示。回思宋初時用意為古文者,與同時負學問自為家者,欲一篇想像,不可得近耳。如葉水心、洪容,愈榛塞!文猶樂,若累句換,讀之如斷絃失,或急不暇舂,或緩不復收,何為聽之?柳子厚、黃魯直說文最,行文最。」按末八句幾如夫子自道矣。

            〈戲題〉:「無人知坦腹,水影半簾苔。驚謂青蟲墮,垂絲忽上來。」

            〈春晴〉:「江柳長天草色齊,新晴何物不芳菲。無因化作千蝴蝶西蜀東吳欵欵歸。」





[1]《手稿集》926-7 頁。
[2]「鵶」原作「烏」。
[3]《手稿集》927-9 頁。
[4]「忺」原作「曾」。
[5]「只一家」原作「共一家」,「何等差」原作「相等差」。
[6]「山將螺髻堆銅鏡」原作「山堆螺髻窺銅鏡」。
[7]《手稿集》929-31 頁。
[8]Van den Bark」原作「Van den Mark」。
[9] 變自「flying buttress」(飛拱、飛扶壁)。
[10]Zimmermann」原作「Zimmern」。
[11]《手稿集》931-3 頁。
[12]《手稿集》934-6 頁。
[13] 原文脫落「軒」字。見《談藝錄附說五》及〈補訂〉(香港中華書局 1986 年補訂本 34 頁、362 頁;北京三聯書局 2001 年補訂重排版 115 頁)。
[14] 原文「名家」脫落「家」字。

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