2018年3月27日 星期二

《容安館札記》686~690則


六百八十六[1]



            向讀 W.L. Schwartz , The Imaginative Interpretation of the Far East in Modern French Literature, p. 200 頗稱 George Soulié de Morant, Bijou-de-ceinture,近始獲覩其書,蓋 Harold Acton 舊藏本。Acton 固好男風者也,所作Peonies & Ponies, p. 231: “boys of a specialized, somewhat equivocal type, like Bijou-de-ceinture即指此書主角。de Morant 譯著頗多,余嘗見所譯《西廂》,以拘泥執著為信,而望文生義,誤謬叢生。此書筆致亦殊平鈍,實以《品花寶鑑》為藍本。Bijou-de-ceinture 其人,為像姑時則杜琴言,為名伶時則頗似梅蘭芳。Yuan 大臣者,蓋借袁爽秋之名(觀 pp. 212 ff.),而作用略等《寶鑑》中之華公子與徐度香。至《寶鑑》中之梅子玉、奚十一,乃以 Roé-sing Li 親王當之。他如 p. 88 Wang 道台混名 L’Ânc-amoureux 好通文一節,全取之《寶鑑》第二回孫嗣徽混名「起陽狗腎」、「蟲蛀千字文」;pp. 93-94 妻妾磨鏡、人間三光 (les trois objets les mieux polis sur la terre) 二謔,全取之《寶鑑》第八回,易姑嫂為妻妾,減去「老斗銀包」一「光」為「三光」;pp. 101-4 寫兩鄉曲少年聽戲,為老婦訛詐事,本之《寶鑑》第三回魏聘才三樂園聽戲,買老頭兒玉器事;pp. 115-9 寫三書生在三樂飯館受窘事,本之《寶鑑》第八回李元茂失銀事;p. 137 Roé-sing Bijou-de-ceinture於門事,本之《寶鑑》第十三回田春航在戲園門口候蘇蕙芳;pp. 140-1 Bijou-de-ceinture Yuan大臣命為狎媟態,試 Bijou-de-ceinture 事,全取之《寶鑑》第十回徐度香設計,使杜琴言試梅子玉;pp. 161-164 Li 親王有木匣代炕几,及為 Lon Sou-lann 踢暈於地,全取之《寶鑑》第十九回奚十一有西洋好法兒木桶,及為杜琴言踢傷小便之處[2]pp. 116-7 Lann-tann Le petit Tchang Lou Sou-lann 所弄,全取之《寶鑑》第十三回蘇蕙芳弄潘三、張仲雨,第十九回蕙芳弄潘三。他如 p. 36 Bijou-de-ceinture 童年為塾師奸,歸訴于父,父笑而引古小說語曰:“A-t-on jamais élévé des arcs-de-triomphe aux hommes vertueux, comme on le fait pour les veuves fidèles à la mémoire du mari défunt?” 本之《隨園詩話》卷四春江公子詩云:「但有烈女祠,而無貞童廟。」譯文殊未切情事,當云:“garçons purs... filles chastes”P. 192 Roé-sing 血漬扇上,畫師補枝葉作桃花,則又牽引李香君故事矣。Pp. 225-9 寫八國聯軍統帥好內,而其參謀長好外,Bijou-de-ceinture 自薦於參謀長,因得而左右統帥,設想最奇,惜僅出之口述,未能侔色揣稱,亦作者才力之儉也。Peter Fleming, The Siege at Peking 一書敘聯軍事最佳,獨未及賽金花,亦不詳此節情事。又按西書記載義和團事,無及賽金花者。《中和月刊》第四卷載蘿蕙草堂主人《梅楞章京筆記》謂賽金花實未與德帥通,由翻譯葛麟德之導,改裝入內一看而已,為沈藎、鍾廣生戲草稿,寄上海《游戲報》、《新聞報》登載,遂流布丹青。賽金花之妖艷,見吉同鈞《樂素堂詩存》卷一。林紓《畏廬詞子夜歌》:「己未六月為高子益招至西站,小園樹影中見某校書,即庚子亂中為某大酋載入西苑者也。」Roger Peyrefitte, Les Ambassades, p. 14: “... Soulié de Morant, ancien consul en Chine,... s’employait à faire connaître en France ce curieux procédé de guérison [l’acupuncture].” Gustave Cohen, Ceux que j’ai connus, p. 21: “Il [Maeterlinck] vante les merveilles de l’acuponcture chinoise...” 連類記之。【Baron de Charlus 之兄 Duc de Guermantes 謂之曰: “Si je me rappelle, mon petit Mémé!... Tu nous menaçais d'aller passer définitivement ta vie en Chine tant tu étais épris de ce pays” (Sodome & Gomorrhe, II, À la recherche du temps perdu, “La Pléiade”, II, p. 718).

            C. Hayward, The Courtesan, p. xii-xiii: “In case one is inclined to wonder how... the belief is still current that a courtesan’s profession is to experience pleasure, the answer is that her lovers always do & that it is a natural & flattering illusion for them to believe that she reciprocates their enjoyment.... Insensibility is an essential characteristic of her profession.” Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, vol. VII, pp. 269-270 亦言妓女之 “frigidity”, “shallowness of physical emotion”,無此了當也。Wayland Young: “Sitting on a Fortune” 尤鑿鑿有據,一妓至云:“Sandra would be no good on the game. She likes men & she enjoys sex” (Encounter, May 1959, p. 21),殊耐尋味,故曰:“To the English whore, England is a country of women as frigid as she is, or frigider, but who don’t even try to pretend” (p. 30; cf. p. 20: “If you pay her enough, she pretends to come” [i.e. “to ‘grunt & groan’” — p. 21])。餘參觀第六百三十三則論《渾如篇不問了》。【《歸田詩話》卷上:「晏叔原詞云:『舞低楊柳樓心月,歌罷桃花扇底風。』此二句,勾欄中多作門對。」】



六百八十七[3]



            周櫟園《書影》卷一載其父坦然作〈觀宅四十吉祥相〉(徐芳《懸榻編》有〈宅相四十吉祥編序〉)【《堅瓠四集》卷一「宅相」條載《戒庵漫筆》空青先生〈風水論〉:「陽宅有三十六祥:居家尚理義,一也;……六婆不入門,五也;……家僮無鮮衣惡習,二十四也」(李詡《戒菴老人漫筆》卷六「論堪輿」條引空青先生〈風水論〉)】,其五云:「婦女不識字」,自注:「世家大族,一二詩章不幸流傳,必列於釋子之後、娼妓之前,豈不可恥!」同卷又引徐世溥云:「太史採詩之職廢,而民間女未聞有詩者,自非托於貴族,書於驛,拾於道,失身於倡家而贈送遠人。微是四者,雖有〈谷風〉之怨,〈死麕〉之貞,無由得傳。」同卷又云:「宛丘王氏,十五歸余。詩二百餘首,小詞數十首,余欲傳之,輒欲自焚。曰:『吾懼他日列狡獪瞿曇後,穢跡女士中也。』蓋自來刻詩者,方外之後緊接名媛,而貞婦烈女、大家世族之詩,類與青樓泥淖並列。姬每言之,輒以為恨。予嘉其志,不敢付梓,並其名字亦不忍露也。」櫟園父與妾所見脗合乃爾!魏惟度《詩持》第二集卷七林氏〈晚春〉詩,評云:「吾閩女子能詩十有五六,余不敢入選,緣周櫟園先生有言:『選閨閫之詩,多列釋子之後、娼妓之前,殊為失體。』故得林氏詩,隨手增入,恐落卷後也」云云,尤支吾矛盾,令人笑來。林氏已在同卷釋大依後矣!【Victor Hugo, Littérature & Philosophie Mêlées, éd. Albin Michel, p. 32: “... Et en effet, la défense assaisonne... Je ne voudrais donc pas qu’on défendît aux femmes d’écrire; ce serait en effet le vrai moyen de leur faire prendre la plume à toutes”】【Schiller: “Die berühmte Frau” 亦嘲婦人有詩名者,託為慰友之詞,云:「汝婦與一人通而已,吾則與世人共有吾婦,吾如名妓之夫而已」(“Dich schmerzt, da sich in deine Rechte / Ein Zweiter teilt? — Beneidenswerther Mann! / Mein Weib gehört dem ganzen menschlichen Geschlechte. / ... / Mich kennt man nur als Ninons Mann” Werke, hrsg. L. Bellermann, 2te Auf., I, S. 93),至斥為 “Ein starker Geist in einem zarten Leib, / Ein Zwitter zwischen Mann und Weib, /... / Ein Mittelding von Weisen und von Affen!” (S. 96)。】【劉將孫《養吾集》卷七〈沁園春〉自序:「大橋名清江橋,有無聞翁賦〈沁園春〉、〈滿庭芳〉二闋,書被亂所見女子。後有螺川楊氏和二首,又自序生楊嫁羅,復云:『觀者毋謂弄筆墨非好人家兒女,當諒此情』,又云:『便歸去,懶東塗西抹,學少年婆。』」】【《北夢瑣言》卷十一引《義山雜纂》云:「婦人識字即亂情,尤不可作詩,詩思不出二百里。」按《義山雜纂不如不解條》:「婦人解詩,則犯物忌」,與《瑣言》所取不同。】【《太平廣記》卷四百二十九引《河東記》申屠澄妻虎精,每曰:「為婦之道,不可不知書,倘更作詩,反似嫗妾耳!」】【王百穀《丹青志》:「閨秀一人,仇氏英之女。必也律之女行,厥亦牝鷄之晨也。」】【G.-C. Lichtenberg, Aphorismen, hrsg. A. Leitzmann, F §376: “Die Frauenzimmer sind in Persien von der Poesie ausgeschlossen. Sie sagen, wenn die Henne krähen will, so muss man ihr die Kehle abschneiden” (Bd. III, S. 197; S. 462, Vgl. Chardin, Voyages en Perse). Carducci Annie Vivanti 詩集作序云:“Nel mio codice poetico c'è questo articolo: Ai preti e alle donne è vietato far versi” (P. Pancrazi, Scrittori d’oggi, VI, p. 295 引全文)。】【《碧鷄漫志》卷二論李易安云:「本朝婦人,當推詞釆第一。作長短句,能曲折盡人意,輕巧尖新,姿態百出,閭巷荒淫之語,肆意落筆。自古搢紳之家能文婦女,未見如此無顧籍也。今之士大夫學曹組諸人鄙穢歌詞,閨房婦女夸張筆墨,無所羞畏」[4]云云。】【澹歸《徧行堂文集》卷四〈見山詩集序〉:「嗚呼!道人吟詠,直寄興耳。聽俗士之去取,劣得數章,位置於羽流、閨秀之間,亦不雅矣!」;卷一五〈閩中趙蓴客以梵雅一冊見貽先得我心題此却贈〉:「已落貴人才子後,可堪閨秀羽流間!」自注:「選詩者置僧詩於羽流之後、閨秀之前,蓋別無頓放處。」】【王貞儀《德風亭初集》卷十〈寄題山陰女史胡慎容紅鶴山莊集後〉:「氣粗語大尚編集,背後傾毀當面憐。不道真才近來少,烏絲玉版原贋鎸。[5]」又見第七四八則。】

            〇〈觀宅四十吉祥相〉之二十四云:「凡夢皆可告人。」按《尺牘新鈔三集》卷十四周文煒〈與人〉云:「古人驗心於夢。(中略)予有〈四十吉祥相〉,其一為『凡夢俱可告人。』」同時陳確菴律此尤嚴,《聖學入門書》卷上云:「夢寐之中,持敬不懈。程子曰:『人於夢寐間,亦可卜所學之淺深。[6]』省察至此,微乎!微乎!」卷下云:「夢行善事為一善,夢行不善為一過。」蓋即《楊龜山集》卷三十〈游執中墓志〉所謂:「其學以誠意為主。晝驗之妻子,以觀其行之篤與否也;夜考之夢寐,以卜其志之定與未也」(呂祖謙《東萊文集》卷二十亦記此四語)。然尚不知夢可告人,未必心無妄會。【Fulbert, Castitatis gradus 分六等 (sex gradibus consummatur perfectio casta):晝醒 (dum vigilas) 見色、聞聲不起邪心等分為五級,而以眠無褻夢為最高之境,非基督垂祐不能臻:“Ultimus, in somnis nullo phantasmate ludi: / Hoc sibi nemo rapit, sed Christi gratia prsestat” (Remy de Gourmont, Le Latin mystique, p. 196)。】參觀 Freud “Die ethischen Gefühle im Traume”, “Uberdetermination”, “Verschiebung” (Die Traumdeutung, 6te Auf., 345 ff., 208 ff.),又六百十六則論卷五十四〈孤學〉,又 Alice Meynell: “The Lady of The Lambs”: “Her dreams are innocent at night; / The chastest stars may peep” (The Oxford Book of English Verse, p. 1056)。竊謂 Meynell: “Renouncement”: “I must stop short of thee the whole day long. / But when sleep comes to close each difficult day, / When night gives pause to the long watch I keep, / And all my bonds I needs must loose apart, / Must doff my will as raiment laid away, — / With the first dream that comes with the first sleep / I run, I run, I am gathered to thy heart” 9p. 1055) 已以妙筆先發 Freud 論夢所謂 censor 之旨矣(又七六三則)。《潛夫論夢列第二十八》有云:「人之性情,好惡不同,此謂性情之夢也。」其理甚精,而未申說,可以焦袁熹《此木軒雜著》卷五釋之,其言曰:「明祖始造鈔,未就,夢神告以用秀才心肝,寤思未得,曰:『將殺士子為之耶?』賴高后解之,用后言,取太學積課簿,搗而為之,遂成。危哉爾時士子也!非后言,則刳心之慘,其必不免。不曰由神啟之乎?是何神之喜於毒人,而有是夢也?余以為不然。夫夢者,心神之變,從其所熟之道而出。明祖之用殺,積於心腑,深且熟矣!故神若啟之,寤而不自喻焉。如漢之文帝,必無是夢矣(明祖夢事,見《寄園寄所寄》卷六引《初政錄》)。」【按《碧里雜存》:「此乃工匠造鈔不成,懼而妄奏云:『前代造鈔,皆取賢人心肝。』高皇信之」云云,非高皇夢也。】【《大智度論》卷六十六〈釋聞持品第四十五上〉:「夢中心為睡所覆,故非真心所作。」(適與此反。)】《潛夫論夢列第二十八》所謂「性情之夢」,焦氏之言得之矣。Owen Feltham:”On Dreams”: “Dreams are notable means of discovering our own inclinations. The wise man learns to know himself as well by the night’s black mantle, as the searching beams of day. In sleep, we have the naked & natural thoughts of our souls... It was the wise Zeno that said, he could collect a man by his dreams. Claudian: ‘Omnia quae sensu volvuntur vota diurno, / Tempore nocturno, reddit arnica quies’ etc. ‘Day thoughts, transwinged from th’ industrious breast, / All seem re-acted in the night’s dumb rest’ etc.” (Resolves). Thoreau, A Week on the Concord & Merrimack Rivers: “Dreams are the touchstones of our characters... For in dreams we but act a part which must have been learned & rehearsed in our waking hours, & no doubt could discover some waking consent thereto. If this meanness has not its foundation in us, why are we grieved at it? In dreams we see ourselves naked & acting out our real characters, even more clearly than we see others awake. But an unwavering & commanding virtue would compel even its most fantastic & faintest dreams to respect its ever wakeful authority; as we are accustomed to say carelessly, we should never have dreamed of such a thing. Our truest life is when we are in dreams awake” (Thoreau, Walden & Other Writings, Modern Library, p. 403).【漢語「做夢也想不到」謂外事也(如發財、遭禍、奇遇),非謂內心也。】

            〇《書影》卷一:「虞山先生嘗為余言:丙戌年在都門,於灰燼中檢出宋刻唐詩數冊,乃宋人趙氏所彙集,分門別類,無體不備。自序言其家藏唐人詩集千家,彙成此書,計全書可五百餘冊。虞山所得,不過天文等一二類。其書是明仁宗東宮所閱,上有監國之寶。後先生絳雲樓災,並此數冊,亦不可得見矣。」按吳槎客《拜經樓詩話》卷一云:「宋趙孟奎分類唐歌詩一百卷,昔人未見著錄。明葉文莊《涇東稾》中有〈書唐歌詩殘本後〉[7],謂僅得實存二十七卷。余在吳門書肆見汲古舊藏宋槧不全十冊,趙序云凡一千三百五十三家四萬七百九十一首。」又《拜經樓詩集》卷七〈宋槧分類唐歌詩為嚴久能茂才作〉序云:「趙氏〈自序〉謂與雪林子李龏同輯,刊於咸淳中。」



六百八十八[8]




            Roger Peyrefitte, Les Ambassades. One of the two best, liveliest novels on diplomacy & the foreign service, the other being Hugh Thomas’s The World’s Game; both are exposures of the mystique of the Carrière by career-men. The only trouble with Peyrefitte is that he is a “man’s man” who poses also as a lady-killer, a pervert who pretends to be on occasions a “convert”; the Françoise episode in this book is as little convincing as the Edwige episode in Jeunes Proies. Incidentally, Edwige confessed to have read Les Ambassades at seventeen & regarded the book as “son épée de chevet” (Jeunes Proies, p. 77).

            P. 14: “... et vous verrez... que nous [les diplomates] avons des croix à porter, ailleurs que sur nos poitrines.” Cf. the quatrain quoted in Ugo Nanni, Enciclopedia delle ingiurie, p. 18: “In tempi men leggiadri e più feroci / I ladri li appendevano alle croci; / In tempi men feroci e più leggiadri / Si appendono le croci in petto ai ladri.”[9]

            P. 44: “Avouz que nous exerçons un métier de seigneur” etc. Cf. Hugh Thomas, The World’s Game, p. 25: “Diplomacy retains, for many, its ancient glamour” etc.

            Pp. 185-6: “Il y avait,... à Athènes et au Pirée, des ‘bals pour hommes’. Correspondant aux ‘bains pour hommes’.” Cf. R.v. Krafft-Ebing, Psychopathia Sexualis, Authorised English Adaptation of the 12th  German Edition, by F.J. Rebman, pp. 590 ff. for a description of “The Woman-haters’ Ball”.

            P. 241: “La femme d’Elémir Bourges, qui était fièra d’être née en Bohème, disait que la Tchécoslovaquie n’était pas un nom de pays, mais un nom de maladie.” Cf. 第一百五十七則 a propos de Chesterton’s Autobiography, pp. 185-6.

            P. 267: A note in De Marcella’s translation of Meleager: “J’ai tranformé ici Diophantos en Diophanta et Alexis en Alexa” etc. This is an old face-saving formula: “Ces amours étranges dont sont pleines les élégies des poètes anciens... sont donc vraisemblables et possibles. Dans les traductions... nous mettions des noms de femmes à la place de ceux qui y étaient... Les beaux garçons devenaient de belles filles” (Gautier, Mlle de Maupin, éd. Fasquelle, p. 161). Cf. Paul Léautaud, Journal littéraire, V. p. 295 reporting Gide: “Tout le monde sait l’histoire d’Aziyadé, de Loti. Quand Loti apporta le volume à Calmann, ce n’est pas un nom de femme qu’il avait pour titre. Les Calmann représentèrent à Loti le scandale que ce serait s’il ne changeait pas son ‘héros’ en une héroïne. C’est alors seulement que Loti changea son personnage et en fit une femme”[10]; also Justin O’Brien’s article “Albertine the Ambiguous” (PMLA, Dec. 1949, pp. 933 ff.) on the transposition of sexes in Marcel Proust’s novels & the significance of the readily feminised formes of masculine names like Gilberte, Albertine & Andrée, etc. Cf. Proust himself makes M. de Charlus say in Sodome & Gomorrhe, I: “... la petite personne [dont la silhouette m’aura amusé], dont nous ne parlons au féminin que pour suivre la règle (comme on dit en parlant d’un prince: Est-ce que Son Altesse est bien portante?)...” (À la recherche du temps perdu, “ Pléiade”, II, 610); La Prisonnière: “M. de Vaugoubert ... mettait tous les noms d'hommes au féminin” (III, 26); Le Temps retrouvé (III, 910). Edmund Wilson, The Triple Thinkers, p. 199: “J.J. Chapman saw the importance of pederasty of Plato: Diotima is an odious creature, being a man in disguise.” Peyrefitte himself spoke of this rôle travestie in La Fin des ambassades (p. 16): “Dans ses livres, il [de Beauséant] cultivait la contradiction... On ne savait plus s’il était... mysogine ou gynolâtre, s’ils peignait des filles sous le nom de garçons ou des garçons sous le nom des filles.” Cf. 第二百五十七則。Cf. E.W. Lane, The Manners & Customs of the Modern Egyptians[11], “Everyman’s”, p. 375, note: “Here, in accordance with a rule observed in most modern Arab songs, the masculine gender is applied to the beloved object, who is, nevertheless, a female, as will be seen in several subsequent verses. In translation, I therefore substitute the feminine gender.” Byron’s touching lines on Thurza were occasioned by the death of the choirboy John Edlestone whom he passionately loved when a student at Cambridge; “by using a woman’s, he was able to give full release to his feelings” (Leslie A. Marchand, Byron, I, pp. 396-7).

            P. 272: “Peut-âtre estimait-il qu’une ambassadrice est toujours belle, comme celui qui estimait jadis qu’une duchesse a toujours trente ans pour un bourgeois.” The reference is to Stendhal, De l’amour, Liv. 1, ch. 1: “Une duchesse n’a jamais que trente ans pour un bourgeois, disait la duchesse de Chaulnes; une jolie femme de la Haye qui ne pouvait se résoudre à ne pas trouver charmant un homme qui était duc ou prince” (Éd. “Le Divan”, I, p. 29).

            La fin des ambassades, like almost all sequels, is inferior to its predecessor as a novel, but mush more interesting as a human document. It is a livre de bonne foi — & of mauvaise conscience as well, the sense of guilt as a collaborateur, some very good descriptions of life in occupied France & fine analysis of the state of mind of the collaborateur, all reminiscent of what I myself witnessed in Shanghai during 1941-6. The “mass of seated information” on “the tragedy of France” often gives the novel the appearance of an anecdotal history “without tears”. The satire of the résistance de Septembre is clumsy & blunt in comparison with that in Jean Dutourd’s Au Bon Beurre, IVe, Ptie., ch. 3, 4 & 5, (pp. 246 ff.). P. 293 on Maître V., a French lawyer who gladly offered his services to the Gestapo: “Malgre une profession qui le metait en contact avec le public, tous ses goûts l’en éloignaient. Vivant dans un monde clos, il en avait brusquement abordé un autre avec une âme candide comme il avait dit, ou au moins avec une parfaite inconscience. Ces de la même façon que des hommes de science, des hommes d’esprit, des hommes du monde, aussi étrangers à la politique, avaient apporté un concours actif et parfois désordonné, voire imprudent, à la collaboration.... Dans leurs salons ou dans les salons des autres, dans leurs bibliothèques, dans leur cabinets de travail, ils s’étaient construits un idéal, qui ne pouvait soutenir l’éprouve de la réalité. Il’s étaient, à leur insu, des émigrés de l’intérieur.” This is really preposterous! The term innere Emigration or innerer Verbannung, despite the loathsome rush with which opportunists after the war laid claim to it, stands for “a deeply tragic reality” (cf. Wm. K Pfeiler, German Literature in Exile, pp. 17, 46). People like Maître V. who could live in such luxueuse installation (p. 292) & give such a magnificent repast to the Germans (pp. 299-305)[12], are certainly the last persons to be so labelled.Albert Samain, Carnets Intimes: “Il y a une jouissance d’ironie que je rencontre chez beaucoup d’êtres autour de moi et qui m’échappe complètement, c’est l’ironie qui consiste à chercher dans toute situation pathétique, à laquelle on assiste, le coté ridicule qu’elle peut présenter, ou simplement le détail drôle qui peut s’y glisser... se plaisir à constater que notre humaniste, poignantes, est la proie des nécessités physiques ou matérielles me semble misérable et meprisable” (La Petite Illustration, 12 août 1939, Couverture, p. 2).

            P. 187: “Dans les vitrines, les portraits du maréchal étaient autant plus grands que le manque de marchandises y laissait plus de place.” Cf. Ten Eventful Years, II, 599: “A butcher shop in Lyons hung the photographs of Henri Petain & Pierre Laval at window & placed beneath them a sign: vendu.”

            In his Romanticism & the Modern Ego (1945), pp. 163-4, Jacques Barzun speaks of “self-consciousness”, “mauvaise honte” or “the systematic distrust of one’s own perceptions & desires” as “the first striking trait of the modern ego” & quotes for example the dedication of Ezra Pound’s Personae: “This book is for Mary Moore of Trenton, if she wants it.” (Cf. James Sutherland, English Satire, p. 149: “The strange idea... that the poem should carry within itself some ironical prophylactic to the laughter of irreverent readers, is one that had never, I imagine, occur to anyone until the present century.”) I have just come across a fine example in Françoise Sagan’s Un certain sourire, p. 14: “...lorsqu’il m’avait écrit: ‘Je trouve cette déclaration ridicule, mais je crois que je t’aime’, j’avais pu lui répondre sur le même ton et sans mentir: ‘Cette déclaration est ridicule, mais je t’aime aussi.’” This seems the logical conclusion of Flaubert’s “pudeur”: “C’est cette pudeur-là qui m'a toujours empêché de faire la cour à une femme; en disant les phrases po-é-tiques qui me venaient alors aux lèvres, j’avais peur qu’elle ne se dise: ‘Quel charlatan!’” (à Louise Colet, Corr., éd. Conard, II, p. 461).

            Paul Léautaud, Journal littéraire, I. p. 34: “La seule foi qui me reste, et encore! c’est la foi dans les Dictionnaires.” Cf. Marcel Aymé, Le Confort intellectuel, p. 43: “Auriez-vous la religion des dictionaires?” New Statesman & Nation, 5 Jan. 1957, p. 24: “O.E.D.ipus [complex].”

            Paul Léautaud, Journal littéraire, I. p. 81: “On n’est pas beau après l’amour.” Cf. Greek Anthology, Bk. V. 77, Rufinus (Loeb, I, p. 167): “If women had as much charm when all is over as before, men would never tire of intercourse with their wives, but all women are displeasing then.” Worthy of a place beside the old Latin proverb: “Omne animal post coitum triste est” (quoted in H. Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, II, p. 247). Cf. 第八十六則 on Martial, V. LXXIII; 第一百十五則 on Ovid, Amores, II. xix. 25-6; 第二百十三則 a propos of Theocritus, X; 第一百五十則 on Baudelaire, Journ. int., p. 140.Shakespeare, Sonnets, no. 129: “Past reason hunted, and no sooner had / Past reason hated”; Heine: “Verschiedene”: “Clarisse”, ii: “Überall, wo du auch wandelst, / Schaust du mich zu allen Stunden, / Und je mehr du mich misshandelst, / Treuer bleib ich dir verbunden. // Denn mich fesselt holde Bosheit, / Wie mich Güte stets vertrieben; / Willst du sicher meiner los sein, / Musst du dich in mich verlieben” (Werke und Biefe, Aufbau-Verlag, 1961, Bd. I, S. 251-2); Schopenhauer, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, Ergänzungen, Kap. 44: “Die Liebe des Mannes sinkt merklich, von dem Augenblick an, wo sie Befriedigung erhalten hat” (Sämtl. Werke, hrsg. E. Grisebach, II, S. 639).

            Paul Léautaud, Journal littéraire, I. p. 58: “Comme elle [Georgette] m’aimait! Jusqu’à imiter mon écriture! Signe certain de l’amour, ce penchant à prendre certaines façons de quelqu’un.” Cf. Goethe, Die Wahlverwandtschaften, Iter Teil, 12tes Kap.: “Sie [Ottilie] legte das Original und die Abschrift vor Eduard auf den Tisch.... Er sah sie an, er besah die Abschrift. Die ersten Blätter waren mit der grössten Sorgfalt, mit einer zarten weiblichen Hand geschrieben... Aber wie erstaunt war er, als er die letzten Seiten mit den Augen überlief: ‘Um Gottes willen!’ rief er aus, ‘was ist das? Das ist meine Hand!’ Er sah Ottilien an und wieder auf die Blätter, besonders der Schluss war ganz, als wenn er ihn selbst geschrieben hätte. Ottilie schwieg... Eduard hob seine Arme empor: ‘Du liebst mich!’ rief er aus, ‘Ottilie, du liebst mich!’ und sie hielten einander umfasst” (Goethes Werke, in zehn Bänden, hrsg. R. Buchwald, Weimar, 1958, Bd. VII, S. 215).【毛奇齡〈曼殊別誌書塼〉:「才把筆,即能畫字。其字每類余,見者輒謂予假為之。」】

            For the classicists, poetry is essentially a matter of technique & craftsmanship, yet they talk vociferously of “inspiration” & “divine rage”. Alice Meynell seems to have had an inkling of this paradox when she said in The Points of Controversy that the 18th century “kindled artificial fires” & “invented the art of raving.” The point has been completely missed by Milton C. Nahm’s laborious & stuffy study of the theory of inspiration, The Artist as Creator. Only classicists who refused to talk cant would admit like Baudelaire that “L’orgie n’est plus la soeur de l’inspiration: nous avons cassé cette parenté adultère... L’inspiration est décidément la soeur du travail journalier” (L’Art Romantique, VI, “Conseils aux jeunes littérateurs”, quoted in Ch. Braibant, Le Métier d’ Écrivain, p. 96; cf. similar mistrust of “inspiration” in Flaubert & Gide on pp. 97 & 102) (Oeuv. comp., “Bib. de la Pléiade”, p. 946); Baudelaire’s views on “la rationalité du génie” (Réne Lalou, Défense de l’Homme, pp. 61-2) is of course derived from Poe’s Philosophy of Composition (see P. Mansell Jones, The Background of Modern French Poetry, p. 45) & recalls Novalis’s theory “Gemeinschaftlicher Wahnsinn hört auf Wahnsinn zu sein und wird Magie, Wahnsinn und Regeln und mit vollem Bewusstsein” (Schriften, hrsg. Kluckholm, II, S. 336). Pope is one of such classicists. G. Tillotson, Pope & Human Nature, p. 136: “... he referred to the writing of poetry as a craft, as a professional & technical matter, clear of hieratic mystery. In his poetry as a whole he did not speak of inspiration but of words & lines: not of poetry but of ‘song’, ‘sing-song’, ‘verse’, ‘numbers’, ‘rhyme’, the product of that ‘unweary’d mill’.... When he did suggest that poetry took its rise in quarters more mysterious than the fingers, it was often to mock at the poet whose inspiration was bogus”; p. 139: “The poet used the same instrument as a clerk did. He was a technician as a gardener was... or as a schoolmaster... or as a miller... or as a sailor” etc. Cf. Luigi Russo, La Critica letteraria contemporanea, 3a ed., 1953, I, p. 9: “‘Se la poesia ha da essere arte, ciò che dicesi forma é e ha da essere della poesia almeno tre quarti.’ E, in forza di cotesto principio, il Carducci supera ancora la bassa concezione romantica dell’arte-genio, dell’arte ispirazione estemporanea, dell’arte dono liberale di Apollo. ‘L’ispirazione è una delle tante ciarlatanerie che siamo costretti ad ammettere e subire per abitudine’. E altrove ancora ribadisce: ‘Quella che i più credono o chiamano troppo facilmente ispirazione, bisogna farla passare per il travaglio delle fredde ricerche e tra il lavoro degli istrumenti critici, a provar s’ella dura.’” Cf. Katharine E. Gilbert & H. Kuhn, A History of Esthetics, p. 173: “But [Castelvetro] will not tolerate the Platonic doctrine that the source of poetry is divine madness. For it is through conscious artistry, through hard study & not through irrational genius, that poetry comes into being. He will not even admit that Plato himself seriously meant to assert so unintellectual a spring for the origin of poetry (Poetica d’Aristotele, p. 67)”, & W. Kayser, Das Sprachliche Kunstwerk, 4te Aufl., S. 190-1.In Novalis’s novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, Klingsohr, the master, thus advises Heinrich, the poet-aspirant: “Begeisterung ohne Verstand ist unnütz und gefährlich... Der junge Dichter kann nicht kühl, nicht besonnen genug sein... Die Poesie will vorzüglich, fuhr Klingsohr fort, als strenge Kunst getrieben sein”; Fr. Schlegel (Athenäum) says: “Je mehr die Poesie Wissenschaft wird, je mehr wird sie auch Kunst” (both quoted in Walter Silz, Early German Romanticism, pp. 31-2; Novalis from Schriften, Jena, 1923, IV, pp. 166-8, Schlegel from Athenäum, München, 1934, I, p. 71) — very anticipatory of Poe & Baudelaire. Wordsworth says in the 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads: “For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: & though this be true, poems to which any value can be attached were never produced on any variety of subjects but by a man who, being possessed of more than usual organic sensibility, had also thought long and deeply.”】【Renoir: “Soyez d’abord un bon ouvrier; cela ne vous empêchera pas d’avoir du génie.”

            The Notebooks of S.T. Coleridge, ed. Kathleen Coburn, vol. I, §432. 22: “Heart the husband, the Tongue the wife — every word that comes not from the heart is therefore a Son of a Whore.” Coburn in her notes pointed out that this epigram, like all others in the same entry, is an adaptation of one by Fr.v. Logau (Sinngedichte, III, §24, “.Ehestand des Herzens und der Zunge”) This epigram has crept into Lessing’s Sinngedicht: “Das Herz und Zung ist wie vermählt, / Die zeugen Kinder ungezählt./ Wann beide sie nicht eines sind, / Wird jedes Wort ein Hurenkind” (Lessing, Auswahl in drei Bänden, Veb, Bd. I, S. 556).

            I, §662: “Learning without philosophy a Cyclops”; Coburn in her notes referred to Table Talk. But this is derived from Kant, Anthropologie, §59: “Es giebt aber auch gigantische Gelehrsamkeit, die doch oft cyklopisch ist, der nämlich ein Auge fehlt: nämlich das, der wahren Philosophie, um diese Menge des historischen Wissens, die Fracht von hundert Kameelen, durch die Vernunft zweckmässig zu benutzen” (Kant, Werke, hrsg. E. Cassirer, Bd. VIII, S. 116). Cf. Joubert, Pensées, “Libraire Académique”, Tit. XVIII. §93: “Que de savants forgent les sciences, cyclopes laborieux, ardents, infatigables, mais qui n’ont qu’un oeil!” My coinage: “His learning is encyclopeandic.” Cf. Nietzsche, Die Geburt der Tragödie, Kap. 14: “Denken wir uns jetzt das eine grosse Cyklopenauge des Sokrates auf die Tragödie gewandt, jenes Auge, in dem nie der holde Wahnsinn künstlerischer Begeisterung geglüht hat...” (Werke, hrsg. K. Schlechta, I, S. 78).



六百八十九[13]



段若膺《經韻樓集》卷一〈執熱說〉引少陵〈課伐木作詩示宗武〉、〈熱毒簡崔評事十六弟〉,謂其「得左氏、毛公正解:『觸熱』、『苦熱』之意。《鄭箋》、《孟子》趙注、朱注、《左傳》杜注皆云『濯手』,轉使義晦。凡為熱水所湯者,不可以冷水浸激之。今注云云,不切事情。」[14]【〈大雅‧桑柔〉《毛傳》云:「濯,所以救熱也」;《鄭箋》云:「當如手執熱物之用濯。」】按黃生《義府》卷上早謂:「《鄭箋》、趙注並誤。『執』如『執友』之『執』,固持也,謂熱不可解。周興嗣〈千字文〉『執熱願涼』、杜甫詩『爾曹輕執熱』皆得本意。」王鳴盛《蛾術編》卷八十二亦云:「《左傳》:『《詩》云:「誰能執熱, 逝不以濯。」禮之於政,如熱之有濯,濯以救熱,何患之有?』玩此文,無執持熱物之意。周興嗣〈千字文〉『執熱願涼』、杜甫〈北風〉詩、〈在大云寺贊公房〉詩、〈夏夜嘆〉詩、〈毒熱簡崔評事十六弟〉詩、〈大雨〉詩、〈多病執熱奉懷李尚書之芳〉詩、張敦實〈積薪賦〉、韓愈〈答張籍書〉、陸龜蒙〈讀襄陽耆舊傳〉詩皆作『甚熱』解。朱子自作〈游百丈山〉詩:『執熱倦煩跼』,亦言『甚熱』也。然《墨子‧尚賢中篇》:『《詩》曰:「誰能執熱,鮮不以濯。」古者國君之不可不執善,譬猶執熱之有濯也,將休其手。』則趙解由來久矣。」【《晉書‧劉喬傳》劉弘典〈與東海王越書〉曰::「《詩》云:『誰能執熱,逝不以濯。』若誠濯之,必無灼爛之患。」】王氏考釋最為詳備(謂朱子作詩與作注違異,可參觀《蛾術編》卷七十五論朱子〈白鹿洞賦〉「肦黃卷以置郵」、[15]〈和劉抱一詩〉「木瓜更得瓊琚報」皆用毛、鄭說),黃氏解「執」字最妙,然此意實發之於竟陵派。《唐詩歸》卷十九杜甫〈課伐木〉:「爾曹輕執熱」,鍾評云:「考亭解《詩》『誰能執熱,逝不以濯』,『執』字作『執持』之『執』,今人以水濯手,豈便能執持熱物乎?蓋熱曰『執熱』,猶云熱不可解,此古文用字奧處。『濯』即『洗濯』之『濯』,浴可解熱也。杜詩屢用『執熱』字,皆作實用,是一證據,附記於此焉。」【仇注杜詩〈夏夜嘆〉引鍾惺語,〈執熱奉懷李尚書〉詩引邵長蘅語:「執,囚也,囚困於熱。」】

〇杜甫〈無家别〉:「日瘦氣慘悽。」《唐詩歸》卷十七鍾評云:「日何以瘦?」按《蘇文忠公詩集》卷二〈夜行觀星〉云:「小星鬧若沸」,紀文達勒帛之,批云:「似流星。」豈得為解事乎!【黃山谷〈勞坑入前城〉:「雲黄覺日瘦,木落知風饕。」】【黃淳耀《陶菴詩集》卷五〈白日〉云:「白日公然瘦,青天不復髙。」[16]用字即本少陵。】【王霖《弇山詩鈔》卷四〈涿州〉:「照影頹唐寒日瘦,吹物騷屑朔風輕。」】【《雪橋詩話餘集》卷六:「黃香鐵〈舟遇楊柳青〉云:「城根日色作旱瘦,絲絲慘綠垂河檉。高駝如山影在地,馱媒歸去搖空鈴。」】參觀 Dante, Inferno, I. 60: “La dove il sol tace”; V. 28: “in loco d’ogni luce muto”” (Opere, ed. E. Moore & P. Toynbee, pp. 1 & 7)[17]; G. Pascoli: “Il Gelsomino notturno”: “La Chioccetta per l’aia azzurra / va col suo pigolio di stelle”; “Nozze”: “A cobbola giuliva / parve un picchierellar trito di stelle / nel ciel di sera, che ne tintinnava” (L. Russo, Antologia della critica letteraria, III, p. 433 );又第三十五則、六百九十則、六百九十七則、七七○則論《詩大序》「聲成文」。宋景文〈玉樓春〉云:「綠楊煙外曉寒輕,紅杏枝頭春意鬧。」[18](李笠翁《窺詞管見》第七則云:「此語殊難著解。爭鬥有聲之謂『鬧』,桃李爭春則有之,紅杏『鬧』春,予實未之見也。『鬧』字可用,則『吵』字、『鬥』字、『打』字皆可用矣!」劉公勇《七頌堂詞繹》云:「一『鬧』字卓絕千古。」)參觀 Swinburne: “Ave atque vale”: “For whom all winds are quiet as the sun, / All waters as the shore”; W.B. Rands: “The Thought”: “Up to where, in the blue round, / The sun sat shining without sound” (The Oxford Book of English Verse, p. 904); D.G. Rosetti, The House of Life,  Pt. I, xix: “’Tis visible silence, still as the hour-glass.” 【庾肩吾〈八關齋夜賦四城門第一賦韻南城門老〉:「已同白駒去,復類紅花熱」(《全梁詩》卷七)。】【李賀〈天上謠〉:「銀浦流雲學水聲」;〈昌谷讀書示巴童〉:「蟲響燈光薄。」】【杜荀鶴〈春宮怨〉:「風暖鳥聲碎,日高花影重。」】【《全宋詞》卷一百五十八盧祖臯〈清平樂柳邊深院〉:「燕語明如剪。」】【鍾伯敬《隱秀軒詩》宇集三〈七月十二日宋獻儒招集止山烏龍潭新居〉:「天淵一氣何時已,風日同香不可尋。」】【嚴遂成《海珊詩鈔》卷五〈滿城道中〉:「風隨柳轉聲皆綠,麥受塵欺色易黃。」勝於 García Lorca: “Verde viento, verdes ramas” (Romance Sonámbulo),因此衹言風吹綠樹而色綠也 (S. Burnshaw, ed., The Poem Itself, “Pelican Books”, p. 238)。】【《秋崖先生小稿》卷三十八〈燭影搖紅‧立春日柬高內翰〉:「笑語誰家簾幕,鏤冰絲、紅紛綠鬧」,亦以聲與色相通。歐陽詹《歐陽先生文集》卷一〈春盤賦‧以裁紅暈碧巧助春情〉,「裁紅暈碧」即秋崖之「紅紛綠鬧」。】【陸機〈擬西北有高樓〉:「佳人撫琴瑟,纎手清且閑。芳草隨風結,哀響馥若蘭。」晏幾道〈臨江仙〉:「風吹梅蘂鬧,雨細杏花香。」毛滂〈浣溪紗〉:「水南梅鬧雪千堆」;〈散餘霞〉:「牆頭花口寒猶噤。」】【劉長卿〈秋日登吳公臺上寺遠眺〉:「寒磬滿空林」;溫庭筠〈郭處士擊甌歌〉:「玉晨冷磬破昏夢」;陸龜蒙〈三宿神景宮〉:「鼓鏗動涼磬」;孟郊〈秋懷〉第十二首:「商氣洗聲瘦,晚陰驅景勞」;羅隱〈秋霽後〉:「淨碧山光冷,圓明露點勻」;〈夜泊毘陵無錫縣有寄〉:「濁浪勢奔吳苑急,疎鐘聲徹惠山寒」;王令〈春人〉:「柳芽嚼雪噴盡寒,桃花燒風作春暖」;黎簡《五百四峯堂詩鈔》卷五〈寄黃藥樵〉:「牆頭暮鴉飛不起,鴉背松聲冷於水」;卷十一〈惜家園松樹家人析為薪〉:「枝疎鳥影滑,丸轉上下鳴」;〈十月中旬薥茶已開〉:「深紅硬綠小春看」;卷十八〈春游寄正夫〉:「鳥拋軟語丸丸落,雨翼新風汎汎涼」;卷二十二〈晚涼〉:「涼有蟬聲不假風,晚雲淡薄帖晴空」;姚燮《復莊詩問》卷二十三〈游頭陀巖諸勝〉第四首:「泉澀澗語苦,風細磬聲瘦」;方中通《續陪》卷一〈陪句〉:「入峽風聲瘦。」】【宋釋仲仁《梅譜口訣》云:鬧處莫鬧,閑處莫閑。老嫩依法,新舊分年」(《佩文齋書畫譜》卷十四);趙孟堅《彜齋文編》卷二〈有許梅谷求畫墨梅又賦長律〉:「鬧裏相挨如有意,靜中背立見無聊。」】【李慈銘《白華絳跗閣詩》卷巳〈叔雲為予畫湖南山桃花小景題一絕句〉:「當年同賦尋春句,幾度谿頭放釣舲。山氣花香無著處,今朝來向畫中聽」;李世熊《寒支初集》卷一〈劍浦陸發次林守一〉:「月涼夢破鷄聲白,楓霽烟醒鳥話紅」;曾異撰《紡授堂詩集》卷四〈十四夜坐梅〉:「花重鴉聲白,月來人影香」;卷七〈木侍居雜詩‧之四〉:「鶯花相與狂,清磬發花光。晝眠深欲醒,似覺磬聲香。」】

〇《留松閣新詞合刻》鄒祇謨《麗農詞》卷上〈鵲橋仙〉。按此明人董斯張作,見《歷代詩餘》卷二十八及王述菴《明詞綜》卷五所謂「輕暖輕寒,不晴不雨,辜負韶光九十。落花飛絮兩無情,仗千尺游絲作合。」不解何以羼入?

〇《茶餘客話》王錫祺刻二十二卷本卷十一云:「作詩有甘苦獨喻,人不能知之境,如病中聞耳鳴,難以語人。亦有人人共覺其非,而自不知之苦。如睡熟鼾聲,如何得知?」按妙喻也。《鏡花緣》八十回云:「燈謎不顯豁、貼切,謂之『脚指動』,惟自己明白,傍人不得知也」,可相參證。《隋書》卷七十七李士謙曰:「陰德,猶耳鳴」,已先發之矣。

〇《茶餘客話》卷十二:「孫藩使含中太翁爾周宰浙時,獨行杭州城外荒村中。一望土冢累累,見粉牆一家,即往索茶。一小婢舉竹椅出,令坐,捧苦茶一盞飲之。須臾去,呼之不出。見門上一聯云:『兩口居山水之間,妻忒聰明夫忒怪;四面皆陰燐所聚,人何寥落鬼何多。』」按高鵬年《湖墅小志》謂親見王仲瞿門聯如是[19]。舒鐵雲《瓶水齋詩集》卷十四〈松毛場訪仲瞿紅桕山莊因感雲門氏之化愴然有作〉自註云:「《茶餘客話》載某至西湖,見一處門聯云:『兩口居碧水丹山,妻太聰明夫太怪;四面皆青燐白骨,人何寥落鬼何多。』正仲瞿居處也。」與《客話》所載詞句小異,而較工整。張公束《寒松閣談藝瑣錄》卷一亦云仲瞿門聯如此,「兩口居」作「室中有」,「四面皆」作「門外皆」。孫子瀟《天真閣集》卷二十六〈桃花莊歌〉則云:「仲瞿榜門云:『借他紅粉三千樹,伴我青山十八年。』」阮氏之書成於乾隆中葉,孫翁宰杭州,時必更早,所過粉牆人家,或尚非仲瞿寓廬也。蔡澄《鷄窗叢話》記歸玄恭門聯云:「一身寄安樂之窩,妻太聰明夫太怪;四境接幽冥之宅,人何寥落鬼何多。」則此乃舊聯,仲瞿以前,正不妨有人已挪用耳。【鍾駿聲《養自然齋詩話》卷四:「王庵者,嘉興王仲瞿曇別墅也。在湖墅西偏,下泥橋之東,水木明瑟,遠山如畫,其旁義塚纍纍。少時訪[陸]夢芝[煦]於此,見佛殿外懸有仲瞿先自撰楹聯云:『一家居綠水丹山,妻太聰明夫太怪;此地有青燐白骨,人何寥落鬼何多。』」】

〇第六百四十九、六百六十八則引西方談藝之說,又七百三則論 Marino,言詩文以靜為高境。既而思之,此意首發於李文饒《會昌一品集‧外集》卷三〈文章論〉云:「鼓氣以勢壯為美,勢不可以不息,不息則流宕而忘返,亦猶絲竹繁奏,必有希聲窈妙,聽之者悅聞,如川流迅激,必有洄洑逶迤,觀之者不厭。從兄翰常言:『文章如千兵萬馬,風恬雨霽,寂無人聲』,蓋謂是矣。」惲南田《甌香館集》卷十一〈畫跋〉引山谷論文云:「蓋世聰明,驚彩絕艷,離却『靜』、『淨』二語,便墮短長縱橫習氣。」亦此意也。鍾、譚論詩,頗標厥旨,《詩歸》鍾〈序〉云:「察其幽情單緒、孤行靜寄於喧雜之中,而乃以其虛懷定力,獨往冥游於寥廓之外」;譚〈序〉云:「彼號為大家者,終其身無異詞,終其古無異詞,而反以此失獨坐靜觀者之心」[20];《古詩歸》卷三唐山夫人〈安世房中歌〉:「粥粥音送細齊人」,譚評云:「與〈大雅〉『有聞無聲』同一靜想」;卷五〈練時日〉:「相放𢘍震澹心」,譚云:「六字不可言[21],惟靜者默吟知之」;《唐詩歸》卷十五鍾評太白云:「讀太白詩,當於雄快中察其静遠精岀處,有斤兩,有脈理」;同卷〈尋陽紫極宮感秋作〉:「靜坐觀眾妙,浩然媚幽獨」,譚評云:「取太白詩,貴以幽細之語,補其輕快有餘之失,如此等句,即妙矣」;卷二十八鍾評元相云:「看古人輕快詩,當另察其精神靜深處,如微之『秋依靜處多』遣病〉、樂天『淸泠由木性』、『曲罷秋夜深』夜琴興〉等句,元、白本色,幾無尋處矣。然此乃元、白詩所由出,與其所以可傳之本也」;友夏《東坡詩選》卷七評〈書王定國所藏烟江疊嶂圖〉云:「坡結句之妙,亦只是議論挽束得有味耳。含不盡於言外,息羣動於無聲,如管絃之乍停,瀑布之不收者,未有也。」即 Hölderlin: “An die jungen Dichter” 詩中所謂:“zur Stille der Schönheit” (Sämtliche Werke, Stuttgarter Hölderlin-Ausgabe, I, S. 253; 參觀 Wolfgang Kayser, Das sprachliche Kunstwerk, 4te Auf., S. 231-2 詮釋,又 Hegel, Ästhetik 語,見第六百六十八則引)。【Ch. Fr. Hebbel: “Schönheitsprobe”: “Wie lässt die echte Schönheit sich erproben? / Wohl einzig an dem selbstbewußten Frieden, / Der sie umfließt, weil sie sich wie geschieden / Von allen Kämpfen fühlt, die sie umtoben” (Werke, hrsg. Th. Poppe, I, S. 153).】近代西人中,Attilio Momigliano 主張最相近,故或稱為 “il critico del silenzio e delle assorte pause” (Luigi Russo[22], La Critica letteraria contemporanea, 3a ed., III, p. 113),如云:“Noi sentiamo la poesia soltanto quando tutto tace dentro di noi...  La sua voce non può risuonare che nel silenzio, quand il mondo della realtà è svanito e quello delle nostre impressioni dorme”; “In quest ‘isolamento,... in questa sensibilità in cui la nostra persona stessa si annulla, consiste l’impressione dell’arte” (Ib., p. 107); [in Cavalcanti] “figurazioni tutte chiuse in un meditativo silenzio”; [in Verga] “mormora una vena dolce e mesta di sentimento che si allarga nel silenzioso paesaggio notturno”; [in Ariosto] “il trapassare del paesaggio dalla solitudine deserta al tumulto, e da questo al più tranquillo silenzio; il risonar subitaneo di una nota gioconda, dolente, incantata, eroica in .mezzo ai luoghi riposati o silenti” (Ib., p. 113); [in St. Francis of Assissi’s Fioretti]: “Risuonano [le linee] in un grande silenzio interiore” (Ib., p. 114),蓋以我靜心,遇詩中靜境,與鍾、譚識趣全合,故或言其 “He shows his reader... how to be alone, one might say, with the book before him” (Horatio Smith, ed., Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature, p. 549),神秘宗所謂 “Dès que l'’âme s’enflamme d’amour pour lui [L’Être], elle se dépouille de toutes ses formes... elle ne doit rien garder pour elle, ni bien, ni mal, afin de la [sic.] recevoir seul à seul” (Plotin, Ennéades, VI. viii. 34, tr. E. Bréhier, T. VI, 2e Ptie., p. 107); “s’affranchir des choses d’ici-bas, s’y déplaire, fuir seul vers lui seul” (Ib., VI. ix. 10, p. 188),藝也,而通於道矣!《列朝詩集傳‧丁十三‧胡梅傳》引曹能始為作詩序,有云:「白叔之為詩,避俗套如湯火,驅使己意,如石工之硺碪巖,篙師之下灘瀨,所未免者,有斧鑿痕及喧豗聲耳」,亦正合鍾、譚之旨,參觀 Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism, p. 27: “However disciplined by taste & skill, the experience of life is, like literature itself, unable to speak.... The reading of literature should, like prayer in the Gospels, step out of the talking world of criticism into the private & secret presence of literature. Otherwise the reading will not be a genuine literary experience, but a mere reflection of critical conventions, memories, & prejudices.” 又按 H.J.C. Grierson, Rhetoric & English Composition, p. 18: “Mill’s famous [dictum] is identical with Kebel’s distinction in De Poeticae vi medica between oratory which is always consciously addressed to an audience, & poetry which is the utterance of the poet’s feelings when he is, so to say, speaking to himself without any consciousness of a listener.”James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, N.Y., 1916, p. 240: “I used the word arrest. I mean the tragic emotion is static. Or rather the dramatic emotion is. The feelings excited by improper art are kinetic, desire or loathing”; p. 243: “It means certainly a stasis & not a kinesis.” Father Thomas Gilby, Poetic Experience: An Introduction to Thomist Aesthetic, p. 108: “It is of the essence of Beauty that with the knowledge of it desire is at rest.”Gottfried Keller, Der grüne Heinrich, III. i: “Gott halt sich mäuschenstill, darum bewegt sich die Welt um ihn” (Sämt. Werke, Aufbau, IV, 375).】【Pascoli: “Cantano come non sanno / cantare che i sogni nel cuore, / che cantano forte e non fanno rumore” (L. Russo, Gli scrittori d’Italia, II, p. 937; M. Fubini, Critica e Poesia, p. 86).】【E. Mörike: “Trägst du der Schönheit Götterstille nicht, So beuge dich! denn hier ist kein Entweichen!”】【E.B. White, The Second Tree from the Corner: “As in the sexual experience, there are never more than two persons present in the act of reading — the writer, who is the impregnator, & the reader, who is the respondent” (The Peguin Book of Modern Quotations, p. 239).

〇周文萃編《徐昌穀全集》卷四〈在武昌作〉云:「洞庭葉未下,瀟湘秋欲生。高齋今夜雨,獨臥武昌城。重以桑梓念,凄其江漢情。不知天外雁,何事樂南征。」《皇明詩選》卷八稱之曰:「八句竟不可斷。」《池北偶談》卷十八、《香祖筆記》卷五尤嘆賞為「絕調」。按太白〈秋夕書懷〉云:「北風吹海雁,南渡落寒聲。感此瀟湘客,凄其流浪情」[23];韋蘇州〈新秋夜寄諸弟〉云:「高梧一葉下,空齋秋思多」;〈聞雁〉詩云:「故園渺何處,歸思方悠哉。淮南秋雨夜,高齋聞雁來。」[24]禎卿之詩,蓋出於此耳。可補《談藝錄》三五三頁[25]。【商盤《質園詩集》卷九〈旅夜〉:「西山雲乍領,東湖月正明。寂寥虛館夢,身在豫章城。重以友朋念,凄然砧杵情。蕭蕭新白髮,一夕枕邊生。」】

〇山谷〈送王郎〉云:「酌君以蒲城桑落之酒,泛君以湘纍秋菊之英,贈君以黟川點漆之墨,送君以陽關墮淚之聲。酒澆胸次之磊塊[26],菊制短世之頹齡,墨以傳萬古文章之印,歌以寫一家兄弟之情。」《談藝錄》八頁謂仿鮑明遠〈行路難〉第一首[27],是矣而未盡。明遠妹令暉代葛沙門妻郭小玉作第二首云:「君子將遙役[28],遺我雙題錦。臨當欲去時,復留相思枕。題用常著心,枕以憶同寢。」山谷善兼兄妹兩作機杼,遂突過顧逋翁、歐陽永叔矣。

            〇《柳南隨筆》卷三:「家露湑翁譽昌精於論詩,嘗語予曰:『作詩須以不類為類乃佳。』予請其說。時適有筆、硯、茶甌並列几上,翁指而言曰:『筆與硯類也,茶甌與筆、硯即不類。作詩者能融鑄為一,俾類與不類相為類,則入妙矣!』予因以社集分韻詩就正,翁舉『小摘園蔬聯舊雨,淺斟家釀詠新晴』一聯云:『即如「園蔬」與「舊雨」、「家釀」與「新晴」,不類也,而能以意聯絡之,是即不類之類。子固已得其法矣。』」【Cf. Quintilian, Inst. Orat., VIII. iii. 74: “The more remote the simile is from the subject to which it is applied, the greater will be the impression of novelty & the unexpected which it produces.”】按同書卷二云:「邑馮竇伯詩有『珠圓花上露,玉碎草頭霜』之句。一友嘆為工絕,予不以為然。友請其說,予曰:『律詩對偶,固須銖兩悉稱,然必看了上句,使人想不出下句,方見變化不測』」云云,可相參證。Johnson: “Wit, you know, is the unexpected copulation of ideas, the discovery of some occult relation between images in appearance remote from each other” (Rambler, no. 194, “Everyman’s Library”, p. 284); “[Metaphysical conceit is] a kind of discordia concors” (Lives of the English Poets, ed. Hill, I, p. 20); “A simile may be compared to lines converging at a point, & is more excellent as the lines approach from greater distance” (Ib., II, p. 130) (J.E. Brown, The Critical Opinions of Samuel Johnson, 1926, p. 267). R. Wellek, A History of Modern Criticism, I, p. 3: “It dates back to Aristotle’s view that in a riddle it is possible to join together absurdities by metaphor (Poetics, XXII)H.S. Butcher, Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry & Fine Arts, p. 83, or to Longinus’ analysis of a poem by Sappho, which speaks of ‘uniting contradictions in the feelings’ (X, 24), as Allen Tate has pointed out.... Anticipations could be seen in concettist theories, in Gracian’s theories of agudeza... as a ‘splendid concordance, a harmonious correlation between 2 or 3 extremes, expressed in a single act of the understanding.’” Gaetano Mariani: “La tecnica dell’analogia nella poesia secentistica e in quella contemporanea”: “Nel 1891 Mallarmé scriveva: ‘La littérature a quelque chose de plus intellectuel... les choses existent, nous n’avons pas à les créer; nous n’avons qu’à en saisir les rapports; et ce sont les fils de ces rapports qui forment les vers et les orchestres.’ E Ungaretti: ‘la poesia moderna si propone di mettere in contatto ciò che è più distante. Maggiore è la distanza, superiore è la poesia. Quando tali contatti danno luce, è toccata poesia’” (La Critica stilistica e il barocco letterario: Atti del secondo congresso internazionale di studi italiani, 1958, p. 273); Pierre Reverdy, Le Gant de crin, 1926, p. 34: “Plus les rapports des deux réalités seront lointains et justes, plus l’image sera forte, plus elle aura de puissance émotive et de réalité poétique” 即此意也。餘見第五百七十一則、六百四十妻則、七百三十八則、七百三十九則(論皇甫湜〈答李生書〉)。馮竇伯詩,病尚不盡如東漵所言。「珠圓」句五字中,正反轉折有二意。「玉碎」句衹一意,以「碎」字道破。正未可謂為「銖兩悉稱」也。

            〇《全唐文》卷五百二十八顧逋翁〈右拾遺吳郡朱君集序〉云:「如新安江水,文魚彩石,歷歷可數,其杳敻翛颯,若有人衣薜荔而隱女蘿」云云,形容詩文中含蓄、消納、吞吐、隱見之境,殊妙於語言。【參觀劉侗、于奕正《帝京景物略》卷五〈黑龍潭〉云:「文石輪輪,弱荇縷縷,空鳥沄沄,水有光無色,內物悉形,外物悉影。」】司空表聖《詩品》正所未及,惟〈委曲〉云:「似往已迴,如幽匪藏」,稍露此意耳。【《四溟山人全集》卷二十三《詩家直說》云:「作詩不宜逼真,如朝行遠望青山,佳色隱然可愛,妙在含胡,方見作手。」董其昌《容臺別集》卷四〈畫旨〉:「攤燭作畫,正如隔簾看月,隔水看花,意在遠近之間,亦文章法也」;又云:「畫欲暗不欲明,明者如觚稜鈎角是也,暗者如雲橫霧塞是也。」】【陳仁錫〈冒宗起詩草序〉:「嘗論文字如美人,浮香掠影,皆其側相,亦須正、側俱佳。今文字曰媚曰薄,可斜視不可正觀,如美人可臨水不可臨鏡(《無夢園文集馬集》卷三)。」】Martial 甚稱「頗黎蓋蒲桃,紗縠映婦體,澄水見文石」,隔而不隔,最耐玩味 (Martial, VIII, xlviii, 5-8: “condita perspicua vivit vindemia gemma / et tegitur felix nec tamen uva latet: / femineum lucet sic per bombycina corpus, / calculus in nitida sic numeratur aqua” [our vineyard blooms shut in  transparent glass, & the fortunate grape is roofed and yet unhid. So shine a woman’s limbs through silk, so is the pebble counted in pellucid water] — “The Loeb Class. Lib.”, II, p. 52)Robert Herrick 詩最喜賦此,而大備於〈水晶中蓮花〉一首 (“The Lilly in a Christall”: “You have beheld a smiling Rose / When Virgins hands have drawn / O’er it a Cobweb-Lawne; / And here, you see, this Lilly shows, / Tomb’d in a Christal stone, / More faire in this transparent case / Than when it grew alone; / And had but single grace. // … // You see how Amber through the streams / More gently strokes the sight / With some conceal’d delight, / Than when he darts his radiant beams / Into the boundless aire.... // Put Purple Grapes or Cherries in- / To glass, & they will send / More beauty to commend / Them, from that clean & subtle skin / Than if they naked stood.... // ... // So though y’are white as Swan or Snow, / And have the power to move / A world of men to love: / Yet when your Lawns & Silks shall flow, / And that white cloud divide / Into a doubtful Twi-light; then, / Then will your hidden Pride / Raise greater fires in men.” — Poetical Works, ed. L.C. Martin, pp. 75-6; cf. p. 516, commentary),然皆未喻之於藝。Montaigne, Essais, III, v: “Les vers de ces deux poètes [Virgil & Lucretius on the naked figure of Venus] traitant ainsi reservéement et discrettement de la lasciveté comme ils font, me semblent la descouvrir et esclairer de plus pres. Les dames couvrent leur sein d’un reseu, les prestres plusieurs choses sacrées; les peintres ombragent leur ouvrage, pour luy donner plus de lustre” (Éd. “Bibliothèque de la Pléiade”, p. 846). Vida, De Arte Poetica, Bk. II: “But if the bard such images pursues, / That raise the blushes of the virgin muse. / Let them be slightly touch’d & ne’er expressed, / Give but a hint & let us guess the rest” (tr. Christopher Pitt; A. Charmers, English Poets, XIX, p. 644),尚限於刻劃色相狎媟,未擴而充之。【參觀 Tasso, Gerus. Lib., XVI. 14: “quanto si mostra men, tanto è più bella” (Opere, a cura di F Flora, “Collana Riccardo Ricciardi”, p. 387).Verlaine, Art Poétique: “C’est des beaux yeux derrière des voiles” (Oeuvres poétiques complètes, “Bib. de la Pléiade”, p. 226; 又本節末[29]Geothe, West-östlicher Divan, Buch Hafis: “Wink”: “Das Wort ist ein Fächer! Zwischen den Stäben / Blicken ein paar schöne Augen hervor, / Der Fächer ist nur ein lieblicher Flor, / Er verdeckt mir zwar das Gesicht, / Aber das Mädchen verbirgt er nicht, / Weil das Schönste, was sie besitzt, / Das Auge, mir ins Auge blitzt.” (Ges. Werke, “Tempel-Klassiker”, II, S. 368) Verlaine 語參證】【Le P. Bonheurs, Entretien d’Ariste et d’Eugène,V: “... il est je ne-cey-quoy comme de ces beautéz convertes d’un voile, qui sont d’autant plus estimées, qu’elles sont...[30] à la veuë auxquelles l’imagination ajoûte toujoûrs quelque chose”) 遂與逋翁印可矣。The Notebooks of S.T. Coleridge, ed. Kathleen Coburn, I, §528: “The sunny mist, the luminous gloom of Plato” (§1558 全同)。又參觀第三百四十九則中世紀詩人以寓言為 Veil,與此尚隔一塵。又第二百五十三、六百十三則、六百八十則。【Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Der Tod des Tizian: “Das ist die grosse Kunst des Hintergrundes / Und das Geheimnis zweifelhafter Lichter. / Das macht so schön die halbverwehten Klänge, / So schön die dunklen Worte toter Dichter. / Darum umgeben Gitter, / Den Garten, den der Meister liess erbauen, / Darum durch üppig blumendes Geranke / Soll man das Aussen ahnen mehr als schauen” (R. Müller-Freienfels, Psychologie der Kunst, II, S. 94 論含蓄隱晦引) (Gesammelte Werke: Gedichte und Dramen, ed. H. Steiner, Frankfurt, 1963, p. 17).[31]】【Nietzsche, Menschliches, Allzumenschliches, Bd. II, Abt. ii, §105: “Die wirklichen Gedanken gehen bei wirklichen Dichtern alle verschleiert einher, wie die Ägyptierinnen: nur das tiefe Auge des Gedankens blickt frei über den Schleier hinweg — Dichter-Gedanken sind im Durchschnitt nicht so viel werth, als sie gelten: man bezahlt eben für den Schleier und die eigene Neugierde mit” Werke, hrsg. K. Schlechta, I, 920.】【Antonio: Darum umgeben Gitter, / Den Garten, den der Meister liess erbauen, / Darum durch üppig blumendes Geranke / Soll man das Aussen ahnen mehr als schauen. Paris: Das ist die Lehre der verschlungnen Gänge. Batista: Das ist die grosse Kunst des Hintergrundes / Und das Geheimnis zweifelhafter Lichter. Tizianello: Das macht so schön die halbverwehten Klänge, / So schön die dunklen Worte toter Dichter / Und alle Dinge, denen wir entsagen. Paris: Das ist der Zauber auf versunknen Tagen / Und ist der Quell des grenzenlosen Schönen, / Denn wir ersticken, wo wir uns gewöhnen[32] (Gesammelte Werke, Gedichte-Dramen I, S. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin, 1979, S. 254).】【Rapin, Réflexions sur la poétique: “C’est un grand talent que... de laisser penser aux autres ce qu’il faut, pour les occuper”; De Méré: “Je trouve... que vous ne laissez rien à deviner” (A. Soreil, Introduction à l’Histoire de l’Esthétique française, p. 67 ).

            〇眼花撩亂口難言之境,第五十二則論 Catullus, LI 已引中西著述詳言之矣[33]



六百九十[34]





            《古詩歸》卷一周武王〈几銘〉,鍾評不誤,已見第九十則論《賴古堂集》矣。李玉洲《貞一齋詩說》云:「《詩歸》以誤字為奇妙,如張曲江〈詠梅〉『馨香今尚爾』誤作『聲香』,乃云『生得妙』,豈不可笑?(按見《唐詩歸》卷五〈庭梅詠〉鍾評,原詩見《曲江文集》卷五)」則伯敬誠無辭自解。蓋誤以《心經》「聲香味觸」附會,自作〈春事〉五律亦云:「聲香能幾日」(詳見第三十五則)。王覺斯《擬山園初集》五律卷一〈宿觀音寺〉云:「聲香還未去,幽趣復何尋」,七言律卷四〈水花影〉:「欲拾芳鈿如可得,聲香宛在水中央」;朱議霶《朱中尉詩集》卷三〈寄躬菴〉:「試看背巖下,蕭蕭綴古梅。聲香俱不事,風骨必須推」;阮圓海《詠懷堂集辛巳詩》卷上〈張兆蘇移酌根遂宅〉第二首云:「香聲喧橘柚,星氣滿蒿萊」,當是為《詩歸》所誤,以矢橛作沙糖矣!【又見本冊末。[35]】【[補六百九十則]《隱秀軒詩地集》二〈三月三日新晴與客步看所在桃花〉:「數步即花事,聲香中外行」;《地集》三〈城南古華嚴寺〉:「數里聲香中,人我在空綠」;《黃集》三〈春事〉:「聲香能幾日,花柳已今年。」按之《地集》二〈降自孔子崖循黃華洞止焉〉:「粲粲黃華洞,聲光夕陽間」;《地集》三〈游梅花墅〉:「修廊界竹樹,聲光變遠邇」;〈七月十五夜登鷄鳴寺〉:「皎然聲影下,悲歡如迪嘗」;《黃集》三〈靈谷寺看梅〉:「雪霜非在地,香色欲為村」;《黃集》四〈瓶中梅影映壁上畫梅影〉[36]:「雪月來誰識?香光借亦親」;《宇集》一〈春暮看桃花宿王氏山莊作〉:「曾經詠賞心尤戀,未接香光魂早通」;《宇集》二〈二月三日重過靈谷寺看梅〉:「風雨半春留好日,香光二月出深寒」;《宙集秦淮隔舟》:「香光成密感,心耳效微誠」;《盈集秦淮燈船賦》:「聲光雜兮」;《辰集》二〈梅花墅記〉:「竹樹表裏之,流響交光,分風爭日。予詩所謂『修廊界竹樹,聲光變遠邇』」;《辰集》三〈岱記〉:「亭之聲光相亂」等,則「聲」與「香」乃二事之合稱。圓海之「香聲」,則進一解矣。】賀黃公《載酒園詩話》卷一指摘《詩歸》十餘則,有云:「少陵〈客居〉『徐步示小園』[37],鍾評:『「示」字妙。』檢《集》,則『視』字之誤」,蓋亦「聲香」之類。【《全金詩》卷二十七龐鑄〈花下〉云:「若為常作莊周夢,飛向幽芳鬧處栖。」王灼〈虞美人〉:「枝頭便覺層層好,信是花相惱;𦨻船一棹百分空,𢬵了如今醉倒鬧香中」(《全宋詞》卷一百五十五),是其先例,亦如 Ezra Pound 誤以「聞」字從「耳」,乃云:“To define it ideogramically, we may start with the ‘Listening to Incense.’ This displays a high state of civilization” (Guide to Kulchur, Earl Miner, The Japanese Tradition in British & American Literature, p. 134 )。】【Samuel Butler, Hudibras, Part III, Canto iii. 13-6: “Sets up Communities of senses, / To chop and change intelligences; / As Rosicrucian virtuosi’s / Can see with ears, & hear with noses” (ed. A.R. Waller, p. 283).】【《靈芬館雜著》續編卷三之〈聽香圖記〉:「耳可使視,目可使聞。嗚呼,此道也!仲尼氏允蹈之,列禦寇能言之。」】【《楞嚴經》卷四之五:「由是六根互相為用。……無目而見,……無耳而聽,……非鼻聞香,……異舌知味,……無身有觸」;《湼槃經》:「如來一根,則能見色、聞聲、嗅香、別味、知法,一根現爾,餘根亦然」(又《法華經‧法師功德品》)。】【《寓簡》卷七「玄沙示眾」條引《楞嚴》,又「古之真人」條引《列子》。】【《國史補》:「趙辟彈五絃,人或問其術,辟曰:『吾之於五絃也,始則神遇之,終則天隨之。方吾浩然,眼如耳,目如鼻,不知五絃為辟,辟之為五弦也」(《太平廣記》卷二百五);《石門文字禪》卷十八〈泗州院栴檀白衣觀音贊〉:「龍本無耳,聞以神;蛇亦無耳,聞以眼;牛無耳,故聞以鼻;螻蟻無耳,聞以身。六根互用乃如此。」】【《揅經室一集》卷一〈釋磬〉:「《說文》『聲』字所以從『殸』得音者,『殸』有『耳』聞之義。『聞』屬於『耳』,古人鼻之所得,目之所得,皆可借聲聞以概之。(中略)『馨,香之遠聞者,從「香」,「殸」聲,「殸」,古文「磬」。』(中略)《詩椒聊》次章『遠條且』《毛傳》曰:『言聲之遠聞也。』『聲』字與『馨』字音義相近,漢人每相假借,故漢〈衡方碑〉亦借『聲』為『馨』矣(《全後漢文》卷一百一〈衡方碑〉:『有□有聲(中略),耀此聲香』,上既言『聲』,故知字必『馨』)。」】【王之望〈好事近〉詞:「驚我雪髯霜鬢,只聲香相識」,「香」字必為「音」之訛。】【《全三國文》卷二十五王廣〈子貢畫贊〉:「吐口敷華,發音揚馨」(《御覽》四百六十四),與「華」相對,必為「馨」而非「聲」。】然《古詩歸》卷五〈古歌〉云:「故地多颷風」[38],鍾評:「『故』字疑是『胡』字。」又未嘗處處望文穿鑿也。【焦袁熹《此木軒詩》卷五〈戲題絕句‧之四十九〉云:「鼠嚙蟲穿翻嘆佳,鍾譚謬種惑提孩。勸君莫便相嘲誚,都大聰明兩秀才。」自注:「鍾、譚不過時文家見識,攻之太過,反成其名。」】東坡〈上神宗皇帝萬言書〉云:「夫人言未必盡然,而疑似則有以致謗。」《古詩歸》卷二屠門高〈琴引〉,鍾評:「此歌雖有脫誤難讀者,然其可讀語輒入妙,誤書思之,便是一快。不必思而得之也」;卷十惠遠〈東林雜詩〉,鍾評:「其字句似生,意義似脫,正文士不能措手處」;卷十三竟陵王子良〈侍皇太子釋奠讌〉,譚評:「以下似有缺者,其實正此為佳」;同卷范雲〈之零陵郡次新亭〉:「滄流未可源」,鍾評:「妙在『未可』二字之下,似有脫誤」;《唐詩歸》卷十一王昌齡〈送狄宗亨〉,譚評:「從何處拆開,何處運思,鈍漢以為脫誤,妙甚」;卷十八杜甫〈游龍門奉先寺〉,譚評:「今人自無慧心,於古人語言不解處,即疑其脫誤,妄者遂下筆改之,悍哉」;卷二十杜甫〈觀公孫大娘弟子舞劍器行序〉,鍾評:「每文字簡妙處,似有脫文,而解人讀之了然。」諸若此類,亦如貪財終盜、好色終淫,有由來矣!《唐詩歸》卷十二高適〈燕歌行〉:「戰士軍前半死生,美人帳下猶歌舞」,鍾評:「豪壯中寫出暇整氣象」云云,則不辨菽麥,謬之尤甚者。此兩句即少陵「朱門酒肉臭,路有凍死骨」之類耳。吳景旭《歷代詩話》卷七十九引吳逸一云[39]:「讀《詩歸》,知鍾、譚善索隱,每取奇於句字之間,至於全章旨意,却不理會」云云。竊謂若鍾之評此二語,是於句字尚有未理會者;若鍾之評張衡〈同聲歌〉(《古詩歸》卷四,詳見第六百四十六則論《抱朴子》),譚之評岑參〈還高冠潭口留別舍弟〉(《唐詩歸》卷十三),是於全章旨意理會錯也。【《戴東原集》尾段玉裁《戴氏年譜》末記戴云:「《水經注》『水流松果之山』,鍾伯敬本『山』譌作『上』,遂連圈之,以為妙景,其可笑如此!『松果之山』見《山海經》。」】【《尺牘新鈔三集》卷四錢陸燦〈與鄧生〉一書,皆指摘《詩歸》,有云:「劉瑗〈左右新婚詩〉『蛾眉參意畫』,俗本誤刻作『叄』字,評云:『三意畫,居然聰明人。』後學承譌,吳人至有賦『三意眉』者。」按余所見本,正作「參」字,亦無此評,豈曾改正耶?】【《帝京景物略》卷一:「崇國寺梵字碑有二,……梵語乃不可識,矧可解以不識解,生人齊遬。」按劉侗、于奕正乃竟陵派,此一語可移目鍾、譚評詩。】【《唐詩歸》卷五張九齡〈彭蠡湖上〉:「一水雲際飛」,鍾評:「若俗筆,則曰:『一雲水際飛』矣!」按王之渙〈涼州詞〉:「黃河遠上白雲間」,句法正同。《拜經樓詩話》卷四、《詩集》卷八力斥《圍爐詩話》據《唐詩紀事》作「黃沙」之非,引李白、尉遲匡詩為證,尚未悟及此也。】【《唐詩歸》卷四宋璟〈奉和聖制送張說巡邊〉[40]:「以智泉寧竭,其徐海自清」,鍾評:「此等句,李于鱗輩定以為不莊」;卷六劉眘虛〈積雪為小山〉:「以幽能皎潔,謂近可循環」,鍾評:「全在虛字上見他骨力。」按此竟陵五律句樣也。正如卷十二常建〈夢太白西峯〉:「恬目緩舟趣,霽心投鳥羣」;〈第三峯〉:「山暝學栖鳥,月來隨暗蛬」;〈張天師草堂〉:「萬壑應鳴磬,諸峯接一魂」,乃竟陵意匠模式也。阮圓海五古亦然。】

            〇鍾評識力遠過於譚,可取者多。《列朝詩集傳》丁十二謂:「鍾才優於譚」,毛稚黃《詩辨坻》卷四〈竟陵詩解駁議〉:「鍾、譚去鍾益不逮」,是也。《王船山遺書》卷六十四《夕堂永日緒論內編》乃謂:「譚若不與鍾為徒,可分文徵仲一席」,□殆非……[41]。《古詩歸》卷六無名氏〈李陵錄別詩〉、卷七魏武帝〈短歌行〉皆有蔡敬夫評,語殊無謂。(敬夫評〈短歌行〉云:「去『呦呦鹿鳴』四句舊詩,以『明明如月』接『沉吟至今』,何如?」與謝茂秦意相合,《四溟山人全集》卷二十一《詩家直說》云:「〈短歌行〉全用〈鹿鳴〉四句,不如蘇武『鹿鳴思野草,可以喻佳賓』點化為妙。『沉吟至今』可接『明明如月』,何必〈小雅〉哉!《藝文類聚》載此詩,去其半,尤為簡當,意貫語足。」)

            〇《列朝詩集傳》丁十二〈袁小修傳〉云:「小修嘗語余:『杜之〈秋興〉、白之〈長恨〉、元之〈連昌宮詞〉,皆千古絕調,文章之元氣也。楚人不知,妄加評竄。吾與子當昌言擊排,點出手眼,無使後生墮彼雲霧」云云【亦見《初學集》卷七十九〈答唐訓導汝諤論文書〉】,蓋指《唐詩歸》卷二十二僅選〈秋興〉一首(「昆明池水漢時功」[42],《瀛奎律髓》止選「聞道長安似弈棋」一首,顧俠君《寒廳詩話》謂《萬首》以前選家皆同《律髓》),卷二十八僅選〈琵琶行〉而言。觀《譚友夏全集》卷八〈東坡詩選序〉、〈袁中郎先生續集序〉,知中郎之子述之化於竟陵,然乃叔〈答須水部日華書〉(中央書店本《珂雪齋近集》卷二)、〈蔡不瑕詩序〉、〈花雪賦引〉(卷三),於中郎詩幾如陽明之論朱子有「晚年定論」之意,是亦已不能堅守公安壁壘矣!《珂雪齋近集》三〈花雪賦引〉謂:「伯敬論詩,極推中郎。其言出,而世之推中郎者益眾。」《游居杮錄》卷三記「同年鍾伯敬來訪,彼此一見歡甚」;卷十論伯敬選雷太史(按即雷思霈)詩過求精,言外致不云之意。蓋公安、竟陵始合終離,牧齋所述,或可信耳。【《列朝詩集傳》丁十二引金陵張文寺云:「伯敬入中郎之室,而思別出奇」,可與小修〈花雪賦引〉印證。】《珂雪齋近集》卷一《東游日記》云:「近日學詩者,纔把筆,即絕口不言長慶,如〈琵琶行〉使李、杜為之,未必能過」云云,則為《藝圃擷餘》而發,當與卷二〈答王天根書〉參看,非言竟陵也。餘見第三十七則、第二百九則、第六百一則、第六百八十九則。



[1]《手稿集》1454-5 頁。
[2]「杜琴言」為「琪官」之誤。
[3]《手稿集》1456-8 頁。
[4]《管錐編太平廣記一八二卷四二九》引文「尖新」誤作「光新」(三聯書局 2007 年版,1310 頁)。
[5] 原文脫落「鎸」字。
[6]「人」原作「入」。
[7]「葉文莊」原作「葉文正莊」。
[8]《手稿集》1459-65 頁。
[9]I ladri li appendevano alle croci」原作「S’appendevon li ladri in su le croci」。
[10]Aziyadé」原作「Azizadé」。
[11]Manners & Customs」原作「Customs & Manners」。
[12]magnificent」原作「magnicent」。
[13]《手稿集》1465-78 頁。
[14]「段若膺」原作「段若渠」。
[15]「肦」原作「月分」。
[16]「不復」原作「不敢」。
[17] 黃國彬但丁《神曲‧地獄篇》譯文:「太陽不作聲的地方」;「眾光喑啞的場所」
[18]「煙」原作「陰」。
[19]「高鵬年」原作「高彭年」。
[20]「終其古無異詞」原作「終其古無異詠」。
[21] 此處重複「不可言」三字。
[22]Russo」原作「Russi」。
[23]「凄其流浪情」原作「凄其江漢情」。
[24] 原文一、二句與三、四句倒置。
[25] 補訂本已收,見《談藝錄八九》(香港中華書局 1986 年補訂本 605 頁;北京三聯書局 2001 年補訂重排版 828 頁)。
[26]「胸次」原作「胸中」。
[27]《談藝錄二》(香港中華書局 1986 年補訂本 7 頁;北京三聯書局 2001 年補訂重排版 11-2 頁)。
[28]「遙役」原作「遠役」。
[29] 即下文,見《手稿集》1478 頁。
[30] 此處二字漫漶不辨。
[31] 此處所引為摘節,全段重引於下,見《手稿集》1475 頁。
[32] John Head, Jr. 英譯:Antonio: Hence tall and slender gratings stand about / The garden that the Master planted here, / Through which sweet, flowering vines trail in and out, / That one may feel the world — not see, nor hear. Paris: This is the lore of alleys without end... Batista: The wonder of the background’s sombre depth, / The secret art uncertain lights can lend... Tizianello: The half lost sweetness of a distant note, / The beauty of the words some poet wrote / In ages passed...! This lesson we should learn / From what we cannot see, but yet discern! Paris: And therein lies the magic of the Past, / And boundless Beauty’s never parched well... / Art’s great soul stiffles there where voices dwell!”
[33] 第五十二則並此節下文皆已刪去。
[34]《手稿集》1479-82 頁。卷首題「容安館札記」,鈐「錢鍾書印」白文印、「默存」朱文印。
[35] 即下文,見《手稿集》1632 頁。
[36]「壁上」原作「壁中」。
[37]「徐步」原作「徐行」。
[38]「颷風」原作「悲風」。
[39]「歷代詩話」原作「列代詩」。
[40]「聖制」原作「聖旨」。
[41] 此處脫落。
[42]「昆明池水」原作「昆明時水」。

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